恶性血液病间充质干细胞改变的研究进展

Current Research Advance on Abnormalities of Mesenchymal Stem cells in Hematological Malignancies——Review

间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSC)因其来源广泛、多分化潜能、支持造血、免疫调节等多个特性而受到人们高度关注,在组织工程和细胞治疗等方面显示出巨大的应用潜能。骨髓微环境在许多恶性血液病的发病机制中发挥了作用,MSC作为造血微环境的重要组成部分,它与肿瘤微环境间存在着复杂的联系。最近研究发现,AML、MDS、ALL、MM等血液病部分患者的MSC存在细胞遗传学异常,病理状态下MSC的表型、分化能力、免疫调节功能也存在不同程度的改变,提示MSC在恶性血液系统疾病病理生理机制中发挥了一定作用。此外,还有实验证实,MSC参与了白血病细胞化疗耐药的过程。由于MSC支持造血和免疫调节等独特优点,近年来MSC被应用于造血干细胞移植术后支持造血及防治GVHD。本文就MSC在恶性血液系统疾病中的改变及其作为临床细胞治疗手段的研究进展作一综述。

Mesenchymal stem cells（MSC）have attracted high attention to their various origins,capability of multi-lineage differentiation,supporting hematopoiesis and regulating immunity.Consequently,MSC show great potential for tissue engineering and cell/gene therapy.The bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in the pathogenesis of several hematological malignancies.It was confirmed that as key components of the hematopoietic microenvironment,MSC correlated complexly with tumor microenvironment.Recent reports showed that MSC from some patients with AML,MDS,ALL and MM harboured cytogenetic alterations.In addition,the phenotype,ability of differentiation and immunoregulatory function of MSC displayed different degree of abnormalities,suggesting that MSC played a role in the pathophysiological mechanism of malignant hematopoietic diseases.Besides,MSC have been found to participate in drug resistance of antileukemic therapy.Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（HSCT） has become an important treatment approach for the malignant hematopoietic diseases in recent years.Because of the advantages of supporting hematopoiesis and regulating immunity,MSC are used to promote the engraftment and prophylaxis /treatment of GVHD.This review summarized briefly the abnormalities of mesenchymal stem cells in malignant hematological diseases and MSC research advances on cell therapy.