国外主要和新发啮齿动物病原体简介

Primary Emerging and Prevalent Infectious Agents in Rodents

随着生物医药产业的快发展以及国际间实验动物交流的更加深入与广泛，实验动物特别是大、小鼠疾病的流行情况也呈现了新的特点。一方面，有新被发现的病原体在大、小鼠群中迅速传播；另一方面，一些传统的流行性疾病在动物群中仍处在高感染率的状况。这些病原感染实验大、小鼠后常常能引起动物免疫功能、生理生化指标、繁殖性能等方面的变化、甚至是明显的-临床症状（特别是免疫缺陷型动物）和病理学变化。这对动物健康及实验研究将带来严重的影响。本文就国际上近年来大、小鼠中主要及新发现的流行病病原体的发现过程、诊断方法、临床症状、以及它们对实验潜在的影响作简要的介绍，以期能为国内实验动物科技工作者提供参考。

With the rapid development of Bio-pharmaceutical industry and the broader and deeper international intercommunion in laboratory animal, there is a new feature expressed in disease prevalence in lab animals, especially in rats and mice. One hand, some emerging infectious agents are becoming more prevalent in lab animal colonies. On the other hand, a few traditional infectious agents which are required to be monitored routinely from national standard still keep high infection rates in rodents. Many of these infections may result in significant changes in immune function, the physiology and biochemis- try of animals, and animal reproduction, even presence of clinical and pathological signs in animals. These alterations are serous variables that can have a devastating effect on animal colonies and research results. This article provides an overview of the prevalence, discovery, diagnosis, and research impact of the primary emerging and prevalent infectious agents in other countries recently in laboratory rodents. Hopefully, this article could be useful information to laboratory animal veterinarian or laboratory animal facility management in China.