水分亏缺对玉米根毛区皮层解剖结构的影响

Effect of water deficiency on anatomical structure of codex in root hair zone of maize root tip

【目的】从解剖学角度探讨水分亏缺对苗期和拔节期玉米根毛区皮层结构的影响,为玉米抗旱机理研究提供参考。【方法】以有一定抗旱能力的高农901玉米种子为试材,采用盆栽试验,在苗期和拔节期分别设正常供水(CK)、轻度水分亏缺(LS)、中度水分亏缺(MS)和重度水分亏缺(SS)4个处理,使其土壤含水量分别达到田间最大持水量的75%～85%,65%～75%,55%～65%,45%～55%,处理结束后,分别取玉米根毛区(距离根尖端10cm)的根系样品制作半薄切片,常规甲苯胺蓝染色、番红-固绿和苯胺蓝荧光染色后,用Olympus BX51显微镜观察皮层细胞以及内皮层马蹄形加厚的变化情况,用image pro plus 6.0计算皮层厚度及内皮层细胞的长度和高度。【结果】随着水分亏缺程度的加剧,苗期和拔节期根毛区皮层厚度逐渐减少,皮层薄壁细胞减小变形,排列不规则;苗期和拔节期各水分亏缺处理的内皮层细胞长度和高度均逐渐减小,且在苗期时表现较为明显。荧光观察结果显示,苗期只有轻度水分亏缺处理的内皮层细胞两侧的马蹄形加厚程度较明显;拔节期轻度、中度水分亏缺处理的内皮层细胞出现了不同程度的马蹄形加厚,且在内切向壁上也出现了明显加厚,拔节期重度水分亏缺处理玉米内皮层细胞的加厚程度较小,且细胞发生了明显变形。【结论】苗期玉米对水分亏缺的反应比拔节期敏感;适度水分亏缺条件下,玉米通过缩减皮层厚度,增加内皮层木质化、栓质化程度,降低水分在根部径向运输的阻力,阻止根中水分的流失,使细胞保持基本形状,从而在一定程度上增强了对干旱环境的适应性。

【Objective】 The research was to study the effect of water deficiency on anatomical structure of codex in maize root hair zone for drought resistance mechanism.【Method】 Taking Gaonong 901 maize which has certain drought resistance in a pot experiment as four groups named control,light deficiency,moderate deficiency,severe deficiency with water treatments：75%-85% of field capacity（CK）,65%-75% of field capacity（LS）,55%-65% of field capacity（MS）,and 45%-55% of field capacity（SS）.Tissues of roots which were 10 cm distance from root tips prepared emgedded in epoxy resins were cut into half thin section for optical microscope.With green and the counterstain safranin,armour aniline blue and fluorescent dyes,the changes of cortical cell and casparian band were found through observation under Olympus BX51 microscope and calculation by image pro plus 6.0.【Result】 With increasing water deficiency,codex parenchyma cells were irregularly arranged and width of codex in root hair zone of maize seedling and jointing got thinner.Both in seedling and jointing stage,the length of endodermis in root hair zone decreased unconspicuously,and the width of endodermis changed obviously.Comparatively,the endodermis in seedling changed more obviously than that in jointing,which caused by mature casparian band enhanced mechanical strength of endodermis.Fluorescence observations showed that casparian band of axial walls of endodermis thickened on seedling stage with light deficiency.Both axial and inner tangential walls of casparian band of endodermis thickened more obviously at jointing stage with light and moderate deficiency.Endodermis which had less modified structure deformated obviously with severe deficiency.【Conclusion】 The structure of codex in root hair zone of maize at seedling was more sensitive than at jointing with water deficiency.The tolerance of roots to proper water deficit may be increased by changes such as width of codex and ligno-suberization,which in turn could decrease radial water transport resistance,restrict the loss of liquid water to the surrounding medium and keep cell basic structure.