施肥对猕猴桃产量和品质的影响

Effect of fertilization on kiwifruit yield and quality

【目的】探讨施肥与猕猴桃产量、品质的关系,优化施肥配方,为确定施肥量提供依据。【方法】以"华优"猕猴桃为供试材料,研究不同施肥条件(氮磷钾有机肥配施(NPK+M)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、减氮(PK+0.5N)、减磷(NK+0.5P)、减钾(NP+0.5K)、减量氮磷钾配施(0.5NPK)、增量氮磷钾配施(1.5NPK))对猕猴桃产量和品质及树体营养的影响。【结果】氮磷钾有机肥配施处理猕猴桃产量较各减量施肥处理提高了11.7%～31.8%。过量施肥并不能有效提高果实产量,且对纯收益存在负面影响。氮磷钾有机肥配施处理可提升树体营养状况,改善果实口感和品质,其Vc含量和可溶性总糖含量较各减量施肥处理分别提高了6.9%～18.7%,33.5%～44.8%。【结论】氮磷钾肥与有机肥配合施用是猕猴桃果园养分管理的有效方法。

【Objective 】The relationship between fertilization and kiwifruit yield and production was investigated to propose a rational fertilizer formula and amount.【Method】 ＂Actinidia deliciosa cv.Huayou＂ kiwifruit variety was used as experimental material.Kiwifruit production,plant nutrition and fruit quality were compared with the treatments of nitrogen＋phosphorus＋potassium＋manure（NPK＋M）,nitrogen＋phosphorus＋potassium（NPK）,reduced nitrogen（PK＋0.5N）,reduced phosphorus（NK＋0.5P）,reduced potassium（NP＋0.5K）,reduced NPK（0.5NPK）,additional NPK（1.5NPK）.【Result】 The result showed that NPK＋M treatment increased the kiwifruit production by 11.7%-31.8% compared with other reduced treatments.Excessive fertilization could not increase the yield significantly,and had negative effect on net profit.NPK＋M treatment could improve the plant nutrition status,fruit quality and increase Vc 6.9%-18.7%,soluble total sugar 33.5%-44.8% compared with other reduced nutrients treatments.【Conclusion】 The effective method of kiwifruit nutrition management should be the balanced NPK chemical fertilizer and manure application.