住宅小区车位、车库权属研究——以法经济学为视角

A Research on the Ownership of Parking Spaces and Garages in Housing District——Viewing from Law-Economics

住宅小区业主车辆的增多使得小区车位、车库的权属问题的争议日益增多。通过对政府、开发商与住宅小区业主之间的博弈模型的建立与分析,可知,开发商作为逐利主体在理性选择的支配下会作出修建小区车位、车库的最优决策,而政府的最优决策是将小区车位、车库的权属规定为"业主共有"。结合学术界的各种观点的分析,得出现行《物权法》对于车位、车库权属规定的弊端,并提出"将车位、车库权属直接规定为业主法定共有"的观点。同时,针对部分学者对将住宅小区车位、车库权属规定为共有所带来的问题的担忧作出回应,对共有本身所存在的一些问题提出相应的完善对策,如共有机制下专有使用权的提出等。

The increase of cars in housing district brings more controversies over the ownership of parking and garages. The establishment and analysis of game model between government, property developers and in housing district indicates that developers , driven by profit, would make optimal decision when spaces owners building parking spaces and garages under the control of the rational choice. But the optimal decision of government is to define the ownership as ＂proprietors＇co-ownership＂. This paper integrates various analyses in academe, deduces the disadvantages of the ownership of parking spaces and garages in current ＂property law＂, and puts forward the view that the ownership of parking spaces and garages should be defined directly as ＂proprietors＇ legal co-ownership＂. The paper also responses to the worry about the problems brought by defining the ownership of parking spaces and garages as ＂proprietors＇ co-ownership＂, and finally it advances the corresponding countermeasures, such as to propose the exclusive right under the mechanism of co-ownership.