土壤调理剂与氮磷配施对花生产量和养分利用的影响

Effects of Combined Soil Conditioner,Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Yield of Peanut and Nutrient Utilization in Sandy Soil

为探明土壤调理剂与氮磷结合对花生生长和产量的影响,在延津县胙城乡东辛庄村砂质潮土试验示范基地开展了土壤调理剂（T,0、30、60、90 kg/hm2）与氮（N,0、90、180 kg/hm2）、磷（P,0、90、135 kg/hm2）配施增产效应研究。结果表明,土壤调理剂处理（除T30N180P135外）秕果数减少;花生产量分别较CK（T0N0P0）增加10.74%-18.97%。在N90P90施肥水平时,随土壤调理剂的增加产量增加,增产幅度从10.74%提高到14.71%;在N90P135施肥水平时,调理剂在60 kg/hm2水平时达到最佳,增幅为15.00%;在N180P90配施水平时,随土壤调理剂用量的增加,花生增产幅度减小;在N180P135配施水平时,花生增产幅度则出现了先降低再升高的过程,即调理剂90 kg/hm2水平时达到最佳,增幅为18.97%。净收益以T30N180P90和T60N90P135处理最好。同时,土壤调理剂与氮磷配施可有效提高氮磷利用效率,在30、60、90 kg/hm2土壤调理剂用量时,每千克N分别较不施土壤调理剂处理增产5.57 kg、5.80 kg和5.81 kg,每千克P2O5较不施土壤调理剂处理增产4.31 kg、4.26 kg和4.54 kg。氮肥增产效果以T60N90P135最佳,每千克N较CK增产8.96 kg,磷肥则以T30N180P90最佳,每千克P2O5较CK增产5.99 kg;氮肥的增产效果优于磷肥。土壤耕层有机质含量较CK增加0.10-0.24 g/kg,有效磷增加0.27-1.17 mg/kg,水解氮提高2.1-10.4 mg/kg。因此,土壤调理剂与氮磷合理配施具有明显的增产效果,促进水分和养分利用的提高。

To determine the effect of soil conditioner combined with nitrogen and phosphorus on development and yield of peanut,soil conditioner（0,30,60,90 kg/ha）and nitrogen（0,90,180 kg/ha） and phosphorus（0,90,135 kg/ha） were applied in sandy soil at the experiment and demonstration field Yanjin county.The results showed the number of blighted peanuts decreased under soil conditioner treatments except T30N180P135,and the weight of peanut and nuts increased.The peanut yield increased by 10.74% to 18.97%.The production increased from 10.74% to 14.71% with the increase of soil conditioner under the condition of N90P90.The production got to the highest at the volume of 60kg/ha soil conditioner under the application of N90P135,increased by 15.00%.However,the production rate decreased with the increase of soil conditioner under the application of N180P90.The peanut yield increase appeared to reduce and re-elevate under the application of N180P135,and the best one was at the volume of 90 kg/ha soil conditioner,with the yield increasing by 18.97%.The best treatments for comprehensive benefits were T30N180P90and T60N90P135.At the same time,the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus use could be improved under combined application of soil conditioner and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer.The production efficiency of nitrogen per kilogram was increased by 5.57 kg,5.80 kg and 5.81 kg when the volume of soil conditioner was 30,60,90 kg/ha,respectively,with T60N90P135 the best one（increased by 8.96 kg）,and that of phosphorus was 4.31 kg,4.26 kg and 4.54 kg,respectively,with T30N180P90the best one（increased by 5.99 kg）.The effect of nitrogen was better than that of phosphorus.The content of organic matter,available P and hydrolysable N were increased by 0.10-0.24 mg/kg,0.27-1.17 mg/kg,2.1-10.4 mg/kg,respectively.Therefore,it had obvious production increase under the combination of soil conditioner and nitrogen-phosphorus,and also helped to improve the efficiency of water and nutrient utilization.