砂质潮土不同土体构型对花生生长和土壤养分的影响

Effects of Different Soil Configurations on Peanut Growth and Soil Nutrients in Sandy Soil

为探明砂质潮土不同土体构型对花生产量和土壤养分的影响,在清丰县浅位黏砂壤土、砂壤土和砂土上开展了花生不同氮（0、90、180 kg/hm2）、磷（0、90、135、180 kg/hm2）肥料配施增产增效试验。结果表明,氮磷配施对花生生长具有积极作用,不同生育期不同肥料配比处理个花生单穴分枝数和株高均高于对照,其中单穴分枝初花期增加1-7个、盛花期增加1-10个、盛果期和成熟期增加1-9个;株高增高,初花期增加1-6 cm、盛果期增加1-9 cm、盛花期和成熟期增加1-7 cm,但不同土体构型之间无显著差异。花生较对照增产6.01%-71.16%,其中砂壤土增产6.01%-67.58%,浅位黏砂壤土增产18.83%-68.19%,砂土增产14.46%-71.16%,均以N 180 kg/hm2＋P2O590 kg/hm2处理最好。其关键在于饱果数、百果重的增加,其中饱果数单穴增加1-9个,百果重增加8-39 g。同时,氮磷配施可有效提高土壤耕层有机质,相应施磷和施氮处理的有效磷和水解氮也有明显增加,但钾素表现为整体降低。因此,砂质潮土花生施肥应根据土体构型采用不同比例的氮磷配施,并将氮肥分期施用,有条件时适量补钾,从而提高肥料利用和产量。

To explore the effect of different soil configurations on peanut production and fertilizer use,the experiments of different nitrogen（0,90,180 kg/ha）and phosphorus（0,90,135,180 kg/ha） fertilized on peanut were carried out on clip sandy loam,sandy loam,and sand soil in Qingfeng county.The results showed that application of NP fertilizer had a positive effect on development and yield of peanut.The branches of a single point and plant height of peanut with different ferti-lizers at different growth stages were higher than those of CK.The branches of a single point increased by 1-7 branches at early flowering stage,1-10 branches at flowering stage,and 1-9 branches at full fruit and maturity stages.The plant height of peanut increased by 1-6 cm at early flowering stage,1-9 cm at flowering stage,and 1-7 cm at full fruit and maturity stages.There were no significant differences among different soil configurations.The yield of peanut increased by 6.01%-71.16%,and it added 6.01%-67.58% on sandy loam,18.83%-68.19% on clip sandy loam,and 14.46%-71.16% on sand soil,respectively,with the treatment of N180P90 the best.The key of yield increase was in that the 100-peanut weight（8-39 g） and the number of full peanuts（1-9 pieces/point） was improved.At the same time,the content of organic matter in cultivated soil was improved effectively under nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application,and that of phosphorus and nitrogen was also increased significantly when nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer was applied,but the content of potassium was decreased under all of the treatments.Therefore,the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be combined in sandy soil for peanut cultivation,nitrogen should be applied by stages to achieve cost savings and high efficiency,and a rational vo-lume of potassium should also be applied if the condition of economy and resource was feasible.