不同人群对违法精神病人的处置意见

Disposal attitudes towards forensic patients of different types of respondents

目的:了解不同群体对违法精神病人的处置意见。方法:使用自编违法精神病人处置意见调查表,选择普通人群、精神病人家属、精神科医生和公安警察4组人群为调查对象,通过现场调查和信访调查的方式收集调查表。结果:四组人群中,94%～98%认为精神病人是可治疗的,70.4%～94.2%认为精神病人的暴力危险性高于普通人群,公安警察态度认同率明显高于精神病人家属。在"如何处置无责任能力的精神病人"问题上,"由政府建立专门机构(如安康医院)监禁治疗"在4组中态度认同率最高,其次为"家属强制送精神病院治疗"。在"违法精神病人责任能力的最终裁决应由谁决定"问题上,"由司法精神病鉴定医生裁决"在4组中态度认同率最高,其次为"法官",其中仅38.0%的公安警察认同由法官决定。结论:本研究发现人们已经普遍认识到社会对精神病人存在偏见,但对相应法律知识仍较缺乏。目前国内对违法精神病人的处置现状仍不容乐观,因此有必要积极推动立法,规范违法精神病人处置措施,同时加强宣传和普及相关法律知识。

Objective： To understand the disposal attitudes towards forensic patients in different types of population. Methods： Four group of population were selected, including general population （ n = 65）, family members of patients with mental illness （n = 54）, psychiatrists （n = 50）, and polices （n = 52）. They were asked to finish a self-made questionnaire of disposal attitudes towards forensic patients by interview or by email. Result： In four groups, 94% - 98% of respondents thought patients with mental disorder could be treated; 70.4% - 94. 2% thought patients were more violent than general population, and the proportion was higher in police group than in family members group （P = 0. 001 ）. For the question of ＂how we should dispose those offenders found no guilty by reason of insanity＂, most of respondents in the four groups were more in favor of ＂imprisoning and treating them in the institute administered by government such as Ankang Hospital （82. 1%, 75.5%, 78.0%, and 94. 1% ）, then ＂ forcibly sending the offenders to mental health institutes＂. When asked ＂who has the adjudication to criminals with mental illness＂, respondents in four groups were more in favor of ＂the rights should belong to forensic psychiatrists （80. 6%, 94. 2%, 78.0%, 90. 0% ）, then ＂the judge＂. Meanwhile, only 38.0% of polices thought that the rights should belong to judge, which is lower than general population significantly （P = 0. 001）. Conclusion： This study suggests that the public have gradually recognized the social prejudice on patients with mental disorder. However, they still know little about the rules and regulations. The situation of disposal methods on forensic patients is not optimistic. So it is necessary to promote legislation, reinforce popularizing related legal knowledge, and implement feasible methods on disposing forensic patients.