白马雪山自然保护区响古箐滇金丝猴的食性

Diet of Rhinopithecus bieti at Xiangguqing in Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve

2008年6月至2009年5月,采用扫描瞬时取样法对云南白马雪山自然保护区响古箐滇金丝猴群的食性进行了研究。研究表明,该滇金丝猴群的食物主要由42个科105种植物组成。滇金丝猴全年的食物构成如下:松萝50.6%,成熟叶16.3%,果实/种子10.5%,嫩叶8.4%,竹笋7.9%,芽3.0%,花1.9%,树皮/叶柄/茎0.8%,真菌类0.5%。研究还表明,滇金丝猴的食谱具有一定的季节性:即夏季取食的植物种类最多,冬季取食的植物种类最少,嫩叶是滇金丝猴春季的主要食物,而果实/种子在响古箐的滇金丝猴秋季食物中占有重要的比重。此外,发现竹笋是滇金丝猴夏季的主要食物资源。研究还发现,除松萝以外,对其食物贡献率最大的10科植物的比重达到39.6%,而蔷薇科的取食则高达17.57%,表明响古箐滇金丝猴对不同种类的食物具有明显的选择性。以上结果表明,响古箐滇金丝猴的取食行为受食物资源季节性变化的影响。

From June 2008 to May 2009,we studied the diet composition for an over-large group of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkey（Rhinopithecus bieti）by direct observation and instantaneous scan sampling method at Xiangguqing（27°37＇N,99°22＇E） in the Baimaxueshan National Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province.The results indicated that the diet composition of R.bieti included 105 plant species in 42 families.The annual diet consisted of 50.6% lichens,16.3% mature leaves,10.5% fruits and seeds,8.4% young leaves,7.9% bamboo shoots,3.0% buds,1.9% flowers,0.8% bark/petiole/stem,and 0.5% fungi.The results also indicated that the monkey consumed more young leaves in spring,and more fruits and seeds in autumn,which suggested their dietary diversity varied seasonally.Bamboo shoots became one of primary foods of R.bieti in summer.We also found that their feeding the 10 families occupied 39.6% of the total,and Rosaceae occupied 17.57%,which showed significantly selectivity for food.Thus,all results suggested that feeding behaviors of R.bieti were significantly influenced by the seasonal variation of diverse foods.