哲学是什么与做什么?

Substitution:Why and How does Levinas Go beyond Being?

在人类精神世界中，哲学是一个历史悠久、内涵丰富而又变化无穷的领域。走近哲学的历史，我们看到的是一场接一场的辩论，人类的理性、思想和智慧在这里相互砥砺，竞长争高。辩论以问题为中心，旧的问题还没有完全解决，新的问题又随之产生。就连“哲学是什么”这个需要首先回答的问题也众说纷纭，莫衷一是。哲学作为一个学科始终处于未完成状态，这也许正是它的常态。对于哲学是什么与做什么，需要不断地追问。这是哲学令人困惑之处，也是其充满魅力的原因所在。

As for the question what philosophy is, there may be three kinds of answers ： single solution, multiple so- lutions, and no solution. The history and reality of philosophy deny the way of single solution. In the frame- work of multiple solutions, philosophy can be understood as a kind of culture or way of thinking, as the essen- tial Zeitgeist, the view of the world, the methodology or the wisdom of the world, as a kind of science, art, or lifestyle. What philosophy is regulates what it does. Philosophy can become the object of our study, the guide of our thought and action, the weapon of criticism, the source of wisdom, the art of life, and so on. The ques- tion of what philosophy is and does, can not be answered without referring to each other. When we get in trou- ble for this question, we can prefer the. way of multiple solutions to no solution.