陕西省关中灌区田间节水模式研究

Study on Water-saving modes at Field Scale in Guanzhong Irrigation Area of Shaanxi Province

针对关中灌区农业种植特点及灌区灌溉现状,提出提高田间水利用效率的节水模式,主要包括:采用土地平整技术提高田间平整精度到3cm,畦田长度控制在50～100m内,在畦田长大于100m的区域推广波涌灌技术,对于小麦等密植作物推广使用喷灌技术,灌溉水量采用0.65倍水面蒸发量,对于果树等经济作物可选用滴灌和小管出流等微灌技术。提出的田间节水模式具有较强的操作性,对提高关中灌区农业水资源利用效率有较好的指导作用。

Based on comprehensive analysis of agronomic practices,agricultural plant structure and current irrigation statue in this area,five methods are recommend to improve field water use efficiency,which include using land-leveling technology to control field leveling precision less than 3 cm,controlling border length within a range from 50 to 100 m,using surge irrigation method when border length longer than 100 m,using sprinkler irrigation method for high population planting crops such as winter wheat with a irrigation amount of 0.65 times pan evaporation,using drip irrigation method or small tube flow irrigation method for cash crops such as fruit trees.The water saving modes at field scale suggested above is easy to practice.Using these modes will improve agricultural water use efficiency in Guanzhong irrigation area.