我国器官移植伦理委员会的建设与规范化运行思考

Construction and standardization of organ transplantation ethics committee in China

为适应我国器官移植的规范开展需要,器官移植伦理委员会的结构应科学合理,成员要多样性,且具有必要的伦理学知识,必须建立适应性广泛、合理和规范的道德原则和准则,制定系统、规范的伦理学审查操作指南。尸体器官移植的伦理学审查重点是器官分配是否公正公平,活体器官移植的伦理学审查重点则是捐献意愿的真实性、知情同意和风险受益比的评估。伦理委员会还应结合实际开展对从事器官移植医护人员的伦理教育和培训。

The development of organ transplantation necessitates ethics committees with reasonable structure and comprehensive member resource, who should have fundamental ethical knowledge. Flexible, reasonable, and standard ethical principles and guidelines, and ethical review instructions are also necessary. Ethical review of deceased donor organ transplant should focus on equality and fair of organ allocation, while review of living donor organ transplant should focus on the authenticity of donors＇ willingness, informed consent and evaluation of risk benefit ratio. The ethics committee should also conduct ethical education and training practically for medical professionals involved in organ transplantation.