中国民法百年变迁

The Last Hundred Years of China's Civil Law

中国民法百年,历经自清末到新中国成立、新中国成立以后30年以及改革开放30年以来三个重要的发展阶段。在第一阶段,民法使统治者对待法律的观念实现了从"救亡图存"到"立法治国"的转变;在第二阶段,由于制定民法典经济基础不具备,民法典无法出台;在第三阶段,民法作为社会主义市场经济的内在要求与基本保障的地位被确立,执政者对民法逐渐认可,单行民法逐步制定,民法典之轮廓出现。展望未来,作为中华民族伟大复兴的标志,民法典的制定仍然任重道远。民法典的出台,需要全民族法治共识的形成和政治家的坚定决心。

China's civil law has undergone three stages in its hundred years of history.In the first stage,from the late Qing to the founding of the PRC,the implementation of civil law gradually changed Chinese rulers ' perceptions of law,from the search for a means of survival to a component of statecraft.The second stage covers the first three decades of the PRC.In this period,no civil code appeared because of the absence of a corresponding economic basis.Reform and opening up marks the beginning of the third stage,in which the status of civil law has been established as an inherent requirement of and basic guarantee for the socialist market economy. Meanwhile,the government has gradually recognized the role of civil law,and separate civil statutes have been successively promulgated,contributing to the formation of an outline civil code.Looking into the future,we can see that there is still a long way to go to formulate a civil code signaling the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.The emergence of a civil code necessitates a nationwide consensus on the rule of law as well as firm resolution on the part of politicians.