大盘山自然保护区白术种质资源遗传特征研究

Inheritance characteristics of germplasm resources of Atractylodes macrocephala in Dapan Mountain national natural reserve

目的研究大盘山自然保护区内不同品系白术之间的形态学特征、遗传多样性基础,为保护和选育优质种质资源奠定基础。方法对11个品系的白术样品进行了形态学、生理学比较分析,并利用ISSR分子标记技术分析其遗传多样性,通过UPCMA法进行聚类分析。结果 11份白术样品在叶片形状、叶色、根茎形态、产量、抗病性方面存在很大的差异,且这些差异并没有一定的相关性;各品系白术的光合速率也存在显著的差异,且产量和光合速率间高度相关。筛选出的15条ISSR引物共检测得到129个位点,其中107个为多态性位点,占82.95%,聚类分析表明白术各品系之间都发生了一定程度的分化现象,个别品系之间遗传分化现象严重。结论大盘山白术资源丰富,各品系间具有一定遗传差异基础,为选育优质白术资源提供基础。

Objective To study the morphological characteristics and genetic diversity ofAtractylodes macrocephala from different varieties, in order to protect and select the germplasrn resources and optimize the cultivated technology. Methods The inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR）, morphological characteristics, and physiology were used to analyze the genetic diversity among 11 varieties of A. macrocephala in Dapan mountain, a national natural reserve in Zhejiang Province and the cluster analysis was performed by UPCMA method. Results The varieties differed greatly in leaf-shape and leaf-color, stem and rhizomatous configuration, production and disease resistance, and no correlation was observed in these differences. However, in all samples, the photosynthesis rate was closely correlated to the biomass production, despite the great differences existing among different varieties. Simultaneously, fifteen screened ISSR primers were served as ISSR-PCR markers, and 129 sites were amplified, which included 107 polymorphic sites （82.95% of the total bands）. At molecular level, the genetic differentiations occured among 11 varieties, some differentiations were quite distinctive according to cluster analysis. Conclusion The germplasm resources of A. macrocephala, are abundant and the genetic diversity basis exists in all kinds ofA. macrocephala in Dapan mountain.