有机硅改性聚氨酯的合成及微观结构与性能研究

Polyurethane Modified by Silicone: Synthesis,Microstructure and Properties

为制得高性能防水透湿织物涂层剂,用聚四氢呋喃醚、聚乙二醇、α,ω-二氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷为混合软段,二羟甲基丙酸为亲水扩连剂,1,4-丁二醇为硬段调节剂,与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯反应合成了水性有机硅改性聚氨酯(WSPU).通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱表征了其化学组成;通过差热扫描量热仪、透射电镜、正电子湮灭寿命谱等研究了WSPU膜的微观结构;通过静态拉伸试验考察了WSPU膜的力学性能.研究结果表明,聚氨酯改性后膜内部微相分离结构更明显,自由体积空洞变大,致使其透湿性能提高,涂层织物最大透湿量达2 130.1g.(m2.d)-1.此研究具有工业化推广价值.

For synthesizing the textile coating agent with high waterproof and moisture permeable performance, water-borne polyurethanes modified by silicone （WSPU） were prepared by polyaddition reaction using poly （tetramethylene oxide）glycol, polyethylene glycol, and a,ω- aminopropyl polysiloxane as mixing soft segments, dimethylolpropionic acid as hydrophilic chain extender, 1,4-butanediol as hard segment regulator and isophorone diisocyanate. The chemical composition of WSPU was characterized by infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The microstructure of WSPU films were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Mechanical properties of WSPU films were investigated by static tensile test. Results show that modified polyurethane（WSPU） membranes have significant micro-phase separation structure and large hole free volume that result in the increase of moisture permeability, maximum of which could reach 2 130.1 g· （m2 · d） 1. This research has the value of industrial promotion.