复方苦参注射液对大鼠急性放射性小肠炎的防护作用

Protective Effects of Compound Matrine on Small Intestine of Rats with Acute Radiation Enteritis

目的探讨复方苦参注射液对放射诱导大鼠急性放射性小肠炎的防护作用及机制,为临床应用复方苦参注射液防治急性放射性小肠炎提供理论依据和实验基础。方法实验对象选择SD雄性大鼠42只,随机分为四组,Ⅰ组为健康对照组(n=6),Ⅱ组为X线照射+复方苦参高剂量组(n=12),Ⅲ组为X线照射+复方苦参低剂量组(n=12),Ⅳ组为X线照射+0.9%氯化钠溶液组(n=12)。实验第1天Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组大鼠均予6 MV的X射线10Gy全腹部单次照射,制成大鼠急性放射性小肠炎模型。照射8 h后,对大鼠腹腔注药:Ⅱ组予高剂量复方苦参注射液盐水(含原液2 ml/kg);Ⅲ组予低剂量复方苦参注射液盐水(含原液0.4 ml/kg);Ⅳ组予0.9%氯化钠溶液2 ml。连续7天注药,每天一次。第8天处死大鼠。计算各组大鼠体重变化值,镜下观察各组大鼠回肠组织形态学改变,计数回肠每厘米绒毛数和平均绒毛高度,采用硝酸盐还原酶法检测回肠黏膜NO水平。结果发现受照后第8天Ⅳ组大鼠体重(210.33±21.71)g不升反降,与Ⅰ组(276.83±18.68)g对比差异有统计学意义。而Ⅱ组大鼠体重(269.33±17.70)g与Ⅰ组对比差异无统计学意义。镜下观察到Ⅳ组大鼠回肠绒毛明显水肿,大量炎性细胞浸润,绒毛低矮、稀疏、脱落,肠壁明显变薄。而Ⅱ组大鼠回肠组织形态学,绒毛高度及疏密度等均与Ⅰ组无明显差别。Ⅱ、Ⅲ组大鼠回肠每厘米绒毛数(74±10、67±4)显著地多于Ⅳ组(51±8);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组平均绒毛高度(283.8±47.17)μm、(260.3±38.59)μm显著地高于Ⅳ组(196.2±27.64)μm;检测到Ⅳ组大鼠回肠黏膜NO浓度显著地高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.001)。结论复方苦参注射液能减轻大鼠急性放射性小肠炎反应,促进小肠黏膜的修复,其作用机制可能与降低肠黏膜NO的产生有关。

Objective Radiation enteritis is a significant clinical problem in patients receiving ionizing radi- ation directed to the abdomen or pelvis. The aim of this study was to uncover the role of compound ma trine in acute actinic enteritis prevention and to provide the experiment evidence for compound Matrine injection in clinical treatment of acute radiation enteritis. Methods Forty two male Sprague Dawley rats were used in the study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I （n = 6） ：normal rats and isotonic saline without abdominal irradiation（sham control group） ; Group Ⅱ （n = 12） ： abdominal irradia tion （I0 Gy） and high dose compound matrine injection （2 ml/kg） for seven days following irradiation; GroupⅢ（n = 12） ： abdominal irradiation and low dose compound matrine injection （0.4 ml/kg） for seven days following irradiation. Group IV （n = 12）. abdominal irradiation （10 Gy） and isotonic saline. Eight days after irradiation, all the animals were sacrificed with lethal dose sodium thiopental. The small intestine were removed and washed with isotonic saline solution and samples of the terminal ileum were fixed in buffered formalin for histopathological examination. The terminal ileum were analyzed for morphologi- cal changes. Nitrate reductase activity assay were performed to measure the NO content in homogenate of terminal ileum. Results The 8th day, all rats receiving irradiation had weight loss compared with the group I , but the compound matrine treatment group （especially GroupⅢ ） had less weight loss than Group IV. The epithelial layers of the villous were significantly reduced in rats of group IV （51±8） compared to that in Group Ⅱ （74± 10） and groupⅢ （67± 4）. Further more, the mean villous height were significantly reduced in rats of group IV （196. 24 ± 27.64） μm compared to that in Group Ⅱ（283.8 ± 47.17） μm and groupⅢ （260.3 ± 38.59）μm. There was significant difference in intestinal NO concentration between group IV and the other groups（P〈0. 001）. Conclusion The compound matrine could relief the gastrointestinal tract reaction and reduce the pathomorphological changes of intestine in acute radiation enteritis rats, as well as repair the intestinal mucosa. The compound matrine could relief the gastrointestnal tract reaction. Its potential mechanism may be compound. Matrine can reduce the intestinal NO concentration.