早期诊断黑素瘤的无创方法

Noninvasive approaches to the early diagnosis of melanoma

黑素瘤作为一种高度恶性的皮肤肿瘤，经早期诊断和治疗能够获得较高的存活率。目前黑素瘤的诊断无疑仍依赖于组织病理学方法，然而活检或手术切除是病理学诊断的必要条件。黑素细胞性皮肤病中，良性病变占绝大多数，如能通过其他方法早期鉴别，则可减少不必要的组织创伤。皮肤自我检查、皮肤镜、远程皮肤镜、激光共聚焦显微镜等无创方法均可用于鉴别良、恶性黑素性皮肤病，缩短以往诊断黑素瘤所需要的时间、简化其繁琐的过程。概述几种主要的无创方法早期诊断黑素瘤。

Melanoma is a highly malignant skin tumor, while high rate of survival can be achieved in melanoma by early diagnosis and treatment. The diagnosis of melanoma undoubtedly depends on histopathological examination, and biopsy or excision is inevitable for the examination. Benign diseases comprise of the major part of melanocytic skin diseases. Unnecessary trauma can be avoided if other noninvasive approaches are available for their early differentiation. Now, noninvasive approaches such as skin self-examination, dermoscopy, teledermoscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy can be utilized to distinguish benign and malignant melanocytic skin diseases, shorten the time required for and simplify the process of the diagnosis of melanoma. This review introduces several major noninvasive approaches to the early diagnosis of malignant melanoma.