创伤致实验动物深静脉血栓形成的研究

Detection of traumatic deep venous thrombosis of laboratory animals

为观察创伤致实验动物深静脉血栓形成及其组织学变化,分别选用犬、新西兰兔及Wistar大鼠作为实验动物,进行骨科有创手术过程,其中犬24条进行人为股骨颈骨折钢板内固定手术,新西兰兔20只行单侧肢股骨骨折后髋人字石膏固定术,Wistar大鼠30只行单侧肢体(左后肢)骨缺损性骨折后髋人字石膏固定术。以大体解剖,血管彩超,血管组织学,血常规等指标进行检测深静脉血栓的形成。结果受试犬中有10条犬在术后4周内陆续死亡,尸检可见心脏内形成鸡脂样血栓,另有4条犬在术后6周及8周死亡,尸检心脏内见到血栓,其余犬饲养至48周,未见血栓形成,总体血栓形成率为58.3%;新西兰兔手术后饲养至8周,患肢每周进行血管彩超检测,未检测到血栓形成,但术部有大量囊性积液;30只大鼠术后9d内镜检肢体深静脉血栓形成率为77.8%。本试验表明骨科有创手术可致实验动物深静脉血栓形成,不同种属间有差异,犬及大鼠的发生率比兔要高,在用实验动物进行骨科的相关研究课题及临床兽医进行手术时要采取必要的预防措施。

Dogs,rabbits and Wistar rats were used for invasive orthopedic surgery to detect the formulation of traumatic deep venous thrombosis（DVT） and investigate the pathologic changes. 24 dogs received plate fixation of manmade femoral neck fractures; 20 New Zealand rabbits were undertaken plaster immobilization after unilateral limb comminuted fractures;30 Wistar rats received plaster immobilization after unilateral limb ununited fractures. Gross anatomy, vascular ultrasound, vascular pathology and blood parameters were tested to detect deep venous thrombosis of the animals. 10 dogs died within 4 weeks after surgery,autopsy showed chicken fat like thrombus formed in their hearts,and another 4 dogs died at 6 and 8 weeks after surgery,with the thrombus in their hearts, either. The remai- ning dogs were raised up to 48 weeks, and no thrombi were found. The overall thrombosis rate was 58.3%. New Zealand rabbits were raised up to 8 weeks after surgery,and limb vascular ultrasound testing were inspected once a week. Thrombi were not found, but there as a large number of spina hydrops at surgical area. Limb deep venous thrombosis in 30 rats was 77.8% within 9 days post surgery. We can conclude that invasive orthopedic surgery can cause deep vein thrombosis of experimental animals,and that there are differences of DVT incidence among species higher incidence in dogs and rats has than rabbits. Necessary measures should be taken to prevent DVT while carry ing on surgery or orthopedic-related researche with experinmntal animals.