新疆常见杏树花粉育性研究

Research on the Fertility of Common Apricot Pollen in Xinjiang

[目的]测定不同杏品种的花粉生活力、萌发力及授粉结实率。[方法]以新疆当地的9个杏品种为材料,采用I-KI染色法和TTC染色法测定花粉生活力,同时测定花粉萌发力,对花粉育性进行研究。[结果]杏花粉的生活力一般高于60%,以65%～70%区域内分布为最多,高于70%和低于65%的品种较少;各杂交组合中,正、反交坐果率存在差异,正交坐果率较高的是白杏×阿克牙格勒克、白杏×馒头玉吕克、库车小白杏×木孜佳娜丽、库车小白杏×阿克牙格勒克、阿克乔丽番×木孜佳娜丽、阿克乔丽番×阿克牙格勒克、阿克乔丽番×轮台早熟杏、制干杏×阿克牙格勒克、制干杏×馒头玉昌克、佳娜丽杏2×阿克牙格勒克,其他组合的结实率比较低。白杏×馒头玉吕克和制干杏×阿克牙格勒克反交坐果率也较高,二者可以互相授粉。阿克乔丽番×木孜佳娜丽和制干杏×馒头玉吕克正交坐果率较高,反交坐果率为0,二者之间单方不亲和。[结论]该研究对于选择优良的杏树授粉品种,提高杏树产量具有十分积极的意义。

[Objective] The pollen viability,germination rate and the rate of fruit-setting of apricot in Xinjiang after its pollination was tested.[Method] The pollen viability and its germination rate of nine local apricot cultivars were measured with I-Ki staining and TTC staining for the study on the pollen fertility.[Result] The results showed that the pollen viability was generally more than 60%,which among and most of cultivars was in the range of 65% to 70% and few was in the range higher than 70% and less than 65%.There was a difference in the rate of fruit-setting from straight or reciprocal cross of apricot,the high rater of fruit-setting from straight cross was showed in the combination： Baixing × Akeyageleke,Baixing × Mantouyvlvke,Kuchexiaobaixing × Muzijianali,Kuchexiaobaixing × Akeyageleke,Akeqiaolifan × Muzijianali,Akeqiaolifan × Akeyageleke,Akeqiaolifan × Luntaixing,Zhiganxing × Akeyageleke,Zhiganxing × Mantouyuchangke,Jianali 2 × Akeyageleke and others was low;the high rate of fruit-setting from reciprocal cross appeared in the combination： Baixing × Mantouyvlvke and Zhiganxing × Ekeyageleke,among which the pollination could be done each other.The rate of seed-setting from straight cross of Ekeqiaolifan × Muzijianali and Zhiganxing × Mantouyvlvke was high but from the reciprocal cross,zero;showing the unilateral incompatibility between the both.[Conclusion] It was significant in the improvement of apricot to make suitable cross-combination.