不同灌水处理对克瑞森无核葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响

Effect of Different Irrigation Treatment on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Fruit Quality of Crimson Seedless Grape in Gobi Soil

[目的]研究滴灌条件下不同灌水处理对克瑞森无核葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响。[方法]运用开放式气体交换CI-340便携式光合测定系统,研究了克瑞森无核葡萄在不同灌水处理下净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(E)、气孔导度(C)、细胞间CO2浓度(InTCO2)及水分利用效率(WUE)的变化规律;通过果实品质测定试验,研究了不同灌水量对果实品质的影响。[结果]克瑞森无核葡萄在不同灌水条件下Pn年变化均呈先升高后降低的趋势,在年灌水量为6 750 m3/hm2时,年平均Pn为13.19μmol/(m2.s),而年灌水量为4 500m3/hm2时,年平均Pn为11.66μmol/(m2.s),提高了11.6%;E也是灌水多高于灌水少,年平均分别为4.18和2.91 mmol/(m2.s),提高了30.5%;WUE则不同,灌水多低于灌水少,分别为3.13和3.97 mmolCO2/mol H2O,降低了26.9%。[结论]在灌水多时克瑞森无核葡萄Pn升高,但E也明显增大;在灌水少时,虽然Pn有所减小,但E大幅度减小,WUE显著提高。表明高的土壤水分显著增大了葡萄蒸腾强度,适度干旱则有利于提高葡萄水分利用效率。另外,在适宜的灌水条件下,即稳定了葡萄产量又提高了果实品质。

[Objective]This paper studied photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of Crimson seedless grape under drip irrigation of different irrigation treatment in gobi soil.[Method]CI-340 Portable Photosynthesis System was used to study the net photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,stomatal conductances,intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiencies of Crimson seedless grape under different irrigation amount.Effect of different irrigation amount on fruit quality of Crimson seedless was studied.[Result]The annual variation photosynthetic rate was increased at first and decreased subsequently under different irrigation amount.The annual average net photosynthetic rates are 13.19 and 11.66 μmol/m2/s under 6 750 and 4 500 m3/hm2 irrigation amount,which meant an increased of 11.6%.Crimson seedless grape were 4.18 and 2.91 mmol/（m2·s）,increased by 30.5%;the water use efficiency of Crimson seedless grape under more water irrigation at 3.13 mmol CO2/mol H2O was lower than the water use efficiency under less water irrigation at 3.97 mmol CO2/mol H2O,which meant a decrease of 26.9%.[Conclusion]Under more water irrigation the photosynthetic rates of Crimson seedless grape increased and its transpiration rates remarkably increased;under less water irrigation,the transpiration rates of Crimson seedless grape increased with a decreased increment and its water use efficiencies significantly increased,although its photosynthetic rates appeared to slightly decline.This indicates that high soil moistures significantly can raise the transpiration intensity of Crimson seedless grape and well-regulated drought is conducive to improving the water use efficiency of Crimson seedless grape.Others,Crimson seedless grape yield were increased steadily and fruit quality under irrigation was improved in appropriate conditions.