剩余劳动力转移与耕地规模化的过程耦合研究

Coupling Research on the Process of Transfer of Surplus Labor Forces and Scaling up of Farmland

在综述土地由细碎向规模经济转变的效率研究的基础上,借助物理学中的耦合概念,论述了我国农村剩余劳动力转移与农地细碎化向规模化转变的行为基础,并对农地由细碎化向规模化转变经历的3个阶段中的各方行为及均衡结果进行了分析:在耦合的第一阶段,农村大量剩余劳动力出现后,农民开始外出到城市打工,此时还没出现土地经营的合并,单个农户的地块没有集中,单个农户的土地总面积没有增加,农户总数量没有减少;在耦合的第二阶段,大量农村剩余劳动力在生活水平和收入的刺激下开始事实上永久性住在城镇,农村土地规模化经营开始出现,"三资"开始进入农业,农业产业化经营因为土地的规模化出现具备最根本的条件;在耦合的第三阶段,农村剩余劳动力转移基本完毕,农地产权或者经营形式也得到很大程度的集中,农业规模化经营的障碍得到根本解决,城乡收入差距微小,城乡人口流动不再是我国人口流动的主要形式,这个阶段在我国还没实现,是将来的农村状态。最后通过前人研究的2个案例验证了前2个阶段的研究结果,为我国农地经营方式转变和剩余劳动力转移政策的制定提供了可靠的参考。

On the basis of giving an overview of efficiency research on transformation of land from fragmentation to scale economy,by using the concept of coupling in physics,this paper expounds the behavior basis of transfer of surplus rural labor forces in China and transformation of land from fragmentation to scaling up,and analyzes behaviors of all parties and equilibrium outcomes in the three stages concerning the transformation of agricultural land from fragmentation to scaling up as follows.At the first stage of coupling,after multitudinous rural surplus labor forces emerge,the farmers begin to go to city seeking jobs.In this period,the amalgamation of land management has not occurred and the single farmer＇s land has not yet concentrated.The total land area of single farmer has not yet increased and the total amount of farmers has not yet decreased.At the second stage of coupling,driven by living standards and income,multitudinous rural surplus labor forces begin to live in the city permanently in fact,and the scale management of rural land begins to arise.Foreign funded enterprises begin to enter agriculture,and the industrialization management of agriculture is equipped with the most fundamental conditions due to the occurrence of scaling up of land.At the third stage of coupling,the transfer of rural surplus labor forces basically ends.The property rights of agricultural land or the management forms also,in a large measure,concentrate.The obstacles to agricultural scaling-up management are solved fundamentally,and the income gap between urban areas and rural areas is narrowed.Urban-rural population migration is no longer the main form of China＇s population migration.This stage has not yet been realized in China and it is the future state of villages.Finally,through the two cases researched by the predecessors,we verify the research results of the preceding two stages,which provides reliable reference for transformation of China＇s agricultural land management,and policy formulation of transfer of surplus labor forces.