农村合作经济组织推动农业保险发展研究

Researches on Agricultural Cooperative Economic Organization Promoting Agricultural Insurance Development

分析了合作经济组织作为农业保险发展有效载体的有利条件:合作经济组织推动了规模化经营,破解了小户分散经营难题;合作经济组织可以解决农民组织化程度低的问题;合作经济组织可以大大缩减农业保险运营成本;合作组织能在一定程度上降低道德风险和逆向选择;合作组织在一定程度上降低了农业生产风险,提高了农业风险的可保性。同时,指出了农业合作经济组织作为农业保险经营载体的局限性:合作经济组织的覆盖范围小,组织规模小,不利于农业风险的分散;合作经济组织资金缺乏,本身发展还不够规范,不利于载体功能的发挥;专业合作组织成员文化素质低,不利于农业保险的推行。提出了推进农业保险发展的农民合作经济组织模式,如农业保险合作社(相互会社)模式、"龙头企业(公司)+专业合作组织(种养大户)+保险"的模式、专业合作社代理农业保险模式。最后,简要说明了农业保险对农业合作经济组织的促进作用。

The advantages of cooperative economic organization being the effective carrier of agricultural insurance development are analyzed.Firstly,cooperative economic organizations promote quantitative management and solve the problem of decentralized operation of small households.Secondly,cooperative economic organization can settle the problem of peasants＇ low systemization.Thirdly,cooperative economic organization can largely reduce the costs of agricultural insurance operation.Fourthly,cooperative organization decreases moral risks as well as adverse selection to some extent.Lastly,cooperative organization,to certain degree,reduces the risks of agricultural production and increases the insurability of agricultural risks.Meanwhile,limitations of agricultural cooperative economic organization being the carrier of agricultural insurance management are pointed out.Firstly,cooperative economic organization has limited coverage and small size of organization,which is harmful to the diversification of agricultural risks.Secondly,cooperative economic organization lacks capital funds and its development is not standard,which is not perfect for the function exertion as a carrier.Lastly,members of professional cooperative organization have low cultural qualities,which is harmful to the implement of agricultural insurance.The mode of farmers＇ cooperative economic organization promoting agricultural insurance development is proposed,including mode of agricultural insurance cooperative（mutual corporation）,mode of ＂leading enterprises（companies） ＋ professional cooperative organization（planting majors） and mode of professional cooperatives acting for agricultural insurance.Last of all,the promoting role of agricultural insurance in agricultural cooperative economic organization is briefly illustrated.