竞技游泳项目临赛准备活动模式调查研究

The Research of Pre-match Warm-up mode in Swimming Competition

通过对53名优秀游泳运动员进行问卷调查,了解优秀游泳运动员赛前生理、心理准备活动方法、步骤、时间、次数、强度等,尝试归纳总结游泳临赛前准备活动模式。结果显示:我国优秀游泳运动员准备活动模式相对固定,差异不大,但会在特殊情况下做出细微调整;游泳赛前准备活动模式包括赛前一晚制定比赛行为活动程序、比赛当天起床后的热身活动、陆上身体活动、临赛前水上活动、水上活动与比赛间隔及心理准备活动、检录前后的再活动、上出发台前的活动等;临赛前水上准备包括专项技术、生理机能调动、绝对强度和技战术部分;常用方法包括适应性热身游、主项技术游、上肢与下肢练习、主项强度游、短冲、比赛细节练习与整理放松等;临赛前心理准备活动方法包括呼吸调节、注意集中、表象演练、自我谈话等。

Through the questionnaire survey among 53 excellent swimmers, we found the method, process, time, frequency and intension of physical and psychological pre - match warm - up of them and tried to summarize the mode of warm - up before swimming competition. The result showed that the mode of our excellent national swimmers＇ warm -up is comparatively stable and will be adusted imperceptibly under some special conditions. The mode of warm - up before swimming competition included setting the competition tactics one night before, the activities after getting up on the competition day, onsite ground exercises, in - water exercises, psy- chological preparation between the intervals of competition, exercises before and after inspection and exercises before standing on the starting dive, etc. Pre - match on - water exercised included special technical section, adjustment of physiological enginery section, the certain intension section, technique and tactics section. The common method included adaptable warm - up swimming, technical swimming of main program, the exercises of upper limbs and lower limbs, intensive swimming of main program, short sprint, detailed exercises and relax. The method of pre - match psychological warm -up included adjustment of breath, attention centralization, per-formance drilling and self motivation.