扩展的简单串联重复位点诱发突变在遗传毒理学的应用进展

Expanded simple tandem repeat loci induced mutation in genetic toxicology and its progress

扩展的简单串联重复(ESTRs)序列是基因组DNA上高不稳定的一类重复序列。由于其自发突变和诱发突变率高,因而在生殖细胞诱发突变中的研究中得到广泛的应用。随着研究的深入,目前发现有3类重复序列——小卫星、微卫星和ESTRs,主要通过系谱法和单分子PCR法来研究这些重复序列的变化。但迄今为止,这些重复序列的突变机制还不明确。本文主要综述了目前国内外对这3种重复序列的异同、ESTRs突变研究方法的优缺点以及突变机制。

Expanded simple tandem repeats（ESTRs） are unstable tandem repetitive DNA loci,which are applied largely in induced mutation of germline,because of the high spontaneous mutation rate.So far,three types of repeat sequences have been found.They are named a small satellite,microsatellite and ESTRs,respectively.While pedigree and single-molecule PCR are used to monitor changes in repeat sequences.However,the mutation mechanisms of these repeat sequences are exactly unknown till now.So,in this paper reviewed,the similar and differences of three different repeatitive loci,the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods,as well as the mutation mechanism were focused.