南京民国建筑调查报告

The Survey of the Current Situation of Nanking Architecute of the Republic Time

1912年中华民国定都南京后,南京的城市建设出现前所未有的高潮。从民国八年(1919年)至民国三十八年(1949年)30年间,南京总共进行了大小深浅不同的城市总体规划7次。其中最主要的就是1929年美国建筑师墨菲、古力治制订的《首都计划》。由此在南京出现了一批行政建筑、纪念建筑、文教建筑、公共建筑、里弄建筑、官邸建筑、工业建筑,以及外国人兴建的宗教、教育、公益建筑和一批外国使领馆建筑。这批民国建筑是20世纪上半叶中国国家首都规划和建设的智慧结晶,规格之高、类型之全,是国内一些城市的租界建筑无法比拟的。目前,南京以民国建筑为主体的重要近现代建筑尚存900余处约1500余栋,其中165处被列为各级文物保护单位,包括国家级10处24个点、省级53处55个点、市级102处112个点。近十几年在基础研究、规划、法规、组织、保护机制探索等方面的实践,都越来越受到重视。

After Nanking was chosen as the capital of the Republic of China in 1912,the city witnessed unprecedented climax of its urban construction.During the thirty years from the 8th year of the Republic of China(1919) to the 38th year(1949),Nanking went through seven times of urban overall planning on different scales,the time enjoying the sovereign importance is the Capital Planning put forward by American architects Murphy and Gulley.As a result, a series of architecture for administration,commemoration,culture and education,public purposes,lanes and alleys,officials,industries,as well as some foreigner-sponsored architecture for religion,education,public welfare and for foreign embassies and consulates sprang up.The series of architecture are the crystals of architects' wisdom in the capital's planning and construction in the first half of 20th century.The high standard and versatile types are paramount that no concession buildings in other cities would match.The important modern architecture series with architectures of the Republic period as main entity can still be seen by now.Over 900 sites with some 1500 modern buildings remained at present,165 places of which were listed as important?protection?units for cultural relics,including 10 places and 24 spots of the national level,53 places and 55spots of the provincial level,102 places and 112 spots of the municipal level.Over the last ten years,the practice has drawn increasing attention both to basic research,planning,regulation,organization,and to the exploration of preservation system.