大鼠机械性损伤后皮下肌肉出血的病理学观察

Pathological observation of intramuscular hemorrhage after mechanical injury in rats

目的观察生前机械性损伤后不同时间皮下肌肉出血的病理形态学变化。方法 56只SD大鼠随机分成生前损伤组(48只)、死后损伤组(4只)和正常对照组(4只);生前损伤组按不同时间再分为12组,建立机械性损伤模型;用HE及普鲁士蓝染色法观察皮下肌肉出血的病理形态学变化。结果 HE染色:生前损伤6～24h,损伤区见较多红细胞及炎细胞浸润,以中性粒细胞为主,少量单核细胞及淋巴细胞,未见棕黄色颗粒;2～3d,红细胞开始减少,炎细胞浸润达到高峰,而后开始减少;3～5d,肉芽组织开始增生,并可见极少量棕黄色颗粒;6～10d,肉芽组织开始机化,成纤维细胞及胶原纤维数量开始增多,并可见少量棕黄色颗粒;10～16d,纤维组织形成。普鲁士蓝染色:3d,见极少量含铁血黄素蓝染颗粒,并随时间推移逐渐增多,6～10d达到高峰1,0～16d后逐渐减少至消失。死后损伤组及正常对照组均无上述改变。结论通过HE及普鲁士蓝染色法观察皮下肌肉出血的病理形态学变化,有助于对机械性损伤出血时间的推断。

Objective To investigate the timedependent changes of intramuscular hemorrhage after mechanical injury in rats.Methods 56 SD rats were randomly divided into antemortem injury group（48 rats）,postmortem injury group（4 rats）,and the control group（4 rats）.Antemortem injury group was sub-divided into 12 groups after establishment of mechanical injury model.Pathological changes of subcutaneous intramuscular hemorrhage were detected by HE and Prussian blue staining at different posttraumatic intervals.Results A large number of red blood cells,many neutrophilic granulocytes and a few mononuclear cells and lymphocytes could be seen in the injured area,and no brown-yellow granules were observed by Prussian blue staining from 6 h to 24th after injury.Red blood cells began to reduce in number,and inflammatory cell infiltration reached a peak at 2 d and 3 d post-injury.Granulation tissue began to come out,and a very small amount of brown-yellow granules could be seen at 3 d and 4 d with maximization from 6 d to 10 d after injury.A very small amount of bluestained hemosiderin was seen from 3 d after injury by Prussian blue staining.In postmortem injury group and control rats there were no changes as mentioned above.Conclusion The timedependent changes of subcutaneous intramuscular hemorrhage as detected by HE and Prussian blue staining may be helpful for estimation of wound age.