钙对镉胁迫下花生生理特性、产量和品质的影响

Effects of applying calcium on peanut physiological characteristics,its yield and kernel quality under cadmium stress.

通过盆栽试验,选用高油品种豫花15和高蛋白品种XB023,研究了不同浓度钙对镉胁迫下不同类型花生品种营养生长、叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、保护酶活性等生理特性及产量和品质的影响.结果表明:施钙可以缓解镉胁迫对花生植株主茎高和侧枝长的抑制作用,增加花生植株干物质量,提高叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率,提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性蛋白质含量,降低丙二醛(MDA)的积累量,减轻镉胁迫对花生叶片的伤害;施钙可以缓解镉胁迫对花生的减产作用,增加花生荚果和籽仁产量,其增产的主要原因是增加了单株结荚数和出仁率;施钙可以促使籽仁中可溶性糖向粗脂肪和蛋白质转化,增加籽仁中脂肪和蛋白质含量,改善镉胁迫下花生籽仁品质.施钙可以降低两花生品种籽仁中镉含量,对豫花15的降低效果好于XB023.

Taking high-oil peanut cultivar Yuhua15 and high-protein peanut cultivar XB023 as test materials,a pot experiment was conducted in both 2009 and 2010 to study the effects of applying different concentration calcium（Ca） on the vegetative growth,leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,and protective enzyme activities,as well as the yield and kernel quality of the cultivars under cadmium（Cd） stress.Applying Ca alleviated the inhibitory effects of Cd on the height growth of peanut main stem and the length growth of the branches,resulting in the increase of plant dry mass,and mitigated the Cd damage on peanut leaf,manifesting in the increase of leaf chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD）,and catlase（CAT） activities,and soluble protein content,and the decrease of leaf malondialdeyde（MDA） content.Under the application of Ca,both the pod yield and the kernel yield increased,mainly because of the increase of pod number per plant and of the kernel number per pod.Applying Ca also promoted the transformation of soluble sugar into fat and protein in peanut kernel,increased the kernel fat and protein contents,and improved the kernel quality under Cd stress.Ca application decreased the kernel Cd content of the cultivars,with better effect on Yuhua15 than on XB023.