施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质含量的影响

Effects of biochar amendment on cropland soil bulk density,cation exchange capacity,and particulate organic matter content in the North China Plain.

以华北平原高产农田3年定位试验为基础,研究了生物炭与矿质肥配施对土壤容重、阳离子交换量和颗粒有机质组分中碳、氮含量的影响.试验共设4个处理:单施氮磷钾肥(CK);氮磷钾肥+2250kg·hm-2生物炭(C1);氮磷钾肥+4500kg·hm-2生物炭(C2);炭基缓释肥(750kg·hm-2,CN).结果表明:与CK相比,C1和C2处理显著降低了0～7.5cm土层容重,降低幅度分别为4.5%和6.0%;施用生物炭增加了0～15cm土层的阳离子交换量,其中C2处理增加了24.5%;在0～7.5cm土层,C1处理土壤颗粒有机质组分中的碳、氮浓度较CK处理分别增加了250%和85%,C2处理分别增加了260%和120%.施用生物炭3年后土壤理化特性得到明显改善,并在碳增汇和温室减排方面具有潜在积极效应.

A 3-year field experiment with randomized block design was conducted to study the effects of biochar amendment on the soil bulk density,cation exchange capacity（CEC）,and particulate organic matter C（POM-C） and N（POM-N） contents in a high-yielding cropland in the North China Plain.Four treatments were installed,i.e.,chemical NPK（CK）,chemical NPK plus 2250 kg·hm-2 of biochar（C1）,chemical NPK plus 4500 kg·hm-2 of biochar（C2）,and 750 kg·hm-2 of biochar-based slow release fertilizer（CN）.Comparing with CK,treatments C1 and C2 significantly decreased the bulk density of 0-7.5 cm soil layer by 4.5% and 6.0%,respectively,and the treatments with biochar amendment increased the CEC in 0-15 cm soil layer,with an increment of 24.5% in treatment C2.Biochar amendment also increased the C（POM-C） and N（POM-N） contents in 0-7.5 cm soil layer,e.g.,the POM-C and N contents in treatment C1 and C2 were 250% and 85%,and 260% and 120% higher than those of the CK,respectively.After three years of biochar amendment,the soil had obvious improvement in its physical and chemical properties,and played more active roles in soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases emission reduction.