第一次全国污染源普查伴生放射性污染源普查及结果初步分析

Investigation and Analysis of NORMs Based on the First Nationwide Pollution Source Survey

2006年底—2009年,国家环境保护部组织开展了第一次全国污染源普查。由于我国非铀矿矿产资源开发利用过程中天然放射性污染相关的基础调查和研究工作开展不充分,为了更全面掌握其现状,伴生放射性污染源普查就成为污染源普查工作的重点之一。全国污染源普查工作办公室(环境保护部)负责全国伴生放射性污染源普查工作,组织编写了技术方案和技术规定等,明确普查的组织实施、监测对象和范围、监测项目、分析方法、质量保证等,并要求各省级辐射环境监测站按照国家统一规范,将稀土、铌/钽、锆石和氧化锆、锡、铅/锌矿、铜、铁、磷酸盐、煤(包括煤矸石)、铝和钒等11类矿产资源,作为伴生放射性污染源普查对象,先进行初测,确定取样监测分析对象,再对总U、232Th、226Ra进行取样监测。最终确定符合普查技术规定要求的伴生放射性污染源普查对象1 433家。调查发现伴生放射性矿产品和原矿中稀土、铌/钽、锆石和钒矿的天然放射性核素平均活度浓度大于1 000 Bq/kg,放射性水平偏高;稀土、铌/钽、锆石、钒矿和锡矿开采和冶炼加工企业产生的工业固体废物中的天然放射性核素平均活度浓度大于1 000 Bq/kg,放射性水平偏高。

During 2006-2009,the First Nationwide Pollution Source Survey（FNPSS） was launched in China.Due to insufficiency in basic survey and research related to NORMs associated with the mining and processing of ore resources,the NORMs have become part of the pollution sources that were focused so as to ascertain the current status concerned.The focuses were on phosphate ores,rareearth ores,niobium/tantalum ores,zircon ores,tin ores,lead/zinc ores,copper ores,iron ores,coal, aluminum ores and vanadium ores,Ministry of Environmental Protection（MEP） organizes the experts to measure the natural radionuclide content in the factories and mines all cross the country.For the use of monitoring methods,the monitoring objects and scope,analytical standards and quality assurance, MEP formulates NORMs monitoring technical criteria and technical files to monitor the contents of U, 232 Th and 226 Ra.Finally there are 1 433 factories and mines to have been monitored.Therefore,the average natural radionuclide content in rare-earth ore,niobium/tantalum ore,zircon ores,and vanadium ore is greater than 1 000 Bq/kg,and the average natural radionuclide content in solid waste associated with NORMs is greater than 1 000 Bq/kg.