英汉语言的文化对比研究:气与Air的分析

Cultural Comparative Researches on English and Chinese: An Analysis on Qi(气) and Air

由于语言与文化的同生同在性,文化的差异势必影响英汉语言词法与语义的不同。以气与Air为例,相比于气,air用作词根比较少。即使都用作词头,air的构词能力也不及气。虽然它们都可以转类用作动词,但是意义迥然不同。其中的差异与后文语义对比的结果一致。气比air的意义所指范围更广,这便不得不推及到文化。虽然英语文化深受古希腊文化的影响,但是古希腊气本原说在英语文化中并没有传承下来。这便与中国气文化大相迳庭。气与air文化上的较大差异还在于air深层文化内涵的缺失。其缺失原因不仅在于文化传承,还在于其思维形式与文化背景。

Qi （气） and air will be analyzed in terms of morphology at first. Compared with qi, air is rarely taken as a root. Though as stems, placed at front of other roots, air is also less to be linked to other words. Their meanings are completely different as they are verbs. This vary is the same to the referential differences. Qi has larger referential extension than that of air. Based on differences of morphology and semantics, the analysis will be furthered into the culture. The morphological and semantic distinctions depend upon cultures because of the relationship of language and culture. Although English culture is deeply influenced by the ancient Greek philos- ophy,the belief that air taken as the original dement of the world is not inherited by English. It greatly varies with qi culture in China. The cultural differences between qi and air lie on the lack of profound cultural views too. The missing reasons are composed of three： various ways of thought, cultural background and cultural inheritance. Finally the differences of two cultures are explored by idioms that are called the essence of language.