麦棉两熟不同种植方式棉花生育特性及产量构成

Growth characteristics and yield components of cotton in different wheat-cotton double cropping systems

为探明不同种植方式对麦棉两熟种植棉花生育和产量特性的影响,2009～2010年在大田条件下开展了不同种植方式试验,以麦棉套栽处理为对照,比较了不同种植方式的棉花生育特性和产量构成。结果表明,套栽处理棉花生育进程早,果节及成铃高峰期长、峰值高,四桃中晚秋桃比率仅3.2%～4.7%,霜前花率88.6%～95.7%,群体物质累积量高,营养生长与生殖生长协调。麦后棉中各处理无伏前桃,群体物质累积量均低于套栽棉。麦后棉基质和营养钵处理棉花果节形成及成铃迟于套栽棉,峰值也有所降低,晚秋桃比率11.8%～20.8%,霜前花率77.2%～90.7%,基质处理籽棉产量低于套栽处理但不低于麦后营养钵处理;麦后棉直播-中处理棉花生长迟且弱,果节及成铃峰值出现迟且峰值不明显,易造成后期无效生长,晚秋桃比率24.5%～34.0%,霜前花率较低,籽棉产量低;麦后棉直播-早处理棉花生长转化快,果节形成及成铃集中且峰值高,干物质分配于生殖器官的比例高,晚秋桃比例仅3.3%,霜前花率88.0%,籽棉产量与麦后育苗移栽相当。因此,传统套栽棉易获得高产稳产,麦后基质和营养钵移栽棉产量形成具有一定潜力,而麦后直播棉产量水平则取决于品种特性。

To investigate the effect of wheat-cotton double cropping system on cotton,planting pattern experiments in field were conducted in 2009-2010,with wheat-cotton intercropping system as control.The indexes of development characteristics and yield component of cotton were analyzed.The results were showed as follows.In wheat-cotton intercropping treatment,the development process was earlier,and the forming of fruit node and boll was longer and more than those of cotton transplanted after wheat harvest.The later autumn boll percent was only 3.2%-4.7% and the rate of blossom before frost was 88.6%-95.7%.The cotton in intercropping system also had high biomass and harmonious relationship between vegetative growth and reproduction.For cotton transplanted after wheat harvest treatments,the dry matters were low and pre-summer bolls were few.For cotton with substrate or nutrition treatment,the forming of fruit node and boll was later and less than those of cotton with intercropping treatment,the late autumn boll percents were 11.8%-20.8%,and the rate of blossom before frost was 77.2%-90.7%.The seed yield of cotton with substrate treatment was lower than that of cotton with intercropping treatment,but higher than that of cotton with nutrition treatment.For direct seeding cotton of medium-matured variety after wheat harvest,the reproductive growth was later and weaker.The forming of fruit node and boll was later and had no obvious peak,which easily caused invalid growth at later stage.The late autumn boll percent was 24.5%-34.0% and the rate of blossom before frost and seed yield were low.For direct seeding cotton of early-matured variety after wheat harvest,the transforming growth from vegetative to reproductive growth was earlier.The forming of fruit node and boll was concentrated with higher peak value and the total dry matter in reproductive organ was higher.The late autumn boll percent was only 3.3% and the rate of blossom before frost was 88.0%.The seed yield was equal to that of cotton transplanted after wheat harvest.As a result,the yield of cotton in intercropping system was higher and more stable,and that of transplanted cotton might be potential,while that of direct seedling cotton depended on the variety characteristics.