明清时期黄河上游地区的城市建设对周边林地的影响

The Influence of Urban Construction to the Surrounding Forest in the Upper Reaches of the Yellow River during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期是黄河上游地区森林资源遭受破坏比较严重的一个时期,也是城市建设的一个重要时期。在以木构架为主要建筑特征的中国古代,城市建设产生了对林木的需求,城市数量的增多与官署、民居、寺庙的修建,以及官员、百姓日常生活的薪柴需求,都对城市周围山地的森林产生了一定的影响。城市周围的森林随着城市建设的发展而由近及远,渐而减少,特别是在清乾隆嘉庆时期以后,城市周围出现濯濯童山,森林仅于山脉深处。

The Ming and Qing dynasties were a period that the forest resources was damaged seriously,and it was a period of urban construction as well.In the ancient China which the wooden frame was taken as the main architectural features,the demand for forest was produced in the process of urban construction.The increase of urban quantity and the construction of government offices,residential areas and temples,as well as the demand for fuelwood that the daily life of the government officials and the peoples had certain influence to the forest of the mountainous region by surrounding the city.The forest around city reduced gradually with the development of urban construction.Specially after the Qianlong and Jiaqing period of Qing dynasty,the bare hills was appeared around city,and the forest was seen only in the deep of mountains.