19世纪末环青海湖及柴达木地区的藏蒙人口——以柔克义考察文献为中心

The Tibetan and Mongolia Population around Kokonor and Tsaidam at the End of 19th——A Discussion Based on Rockhill's Records

在汉文史料中,清代环青海湖和柴达木地区的藏蒙人口一直缺少准确的编户数字。柔克义在1889和1891年的两次考察中详细记录了这一地区的人口户数,对于认识清代该地区的藏蒙人口问题有重要的参考价值。他的相关考察文献尚未在国内出版,有关研究也未能引用其著述。本文将柔克义旅行文献中有关清末环青海湖和柴达木地区的藏蒙人口考察记录进行归纳、考证和分析,并置入一定的历史环境下与民国汉文文献进行比对,对清末青海方志以及民国人口调查中出现的一些问题进行了检讨,初步讨论了从清末到民国三十年代该地区藏蒙人口衰减和增长的历史因素。

This paper focus on population issues of Tibetan and Mongolia lived in Qinhaihu（Kokonor） and Tsaidam in last period of Qing Court,while numerous western explorers traveled to Amdo Tibet and have acquired abundant population materials on these regions,but Chinese documentaries rarely record it.W.W.Rockhill,a early American Tibetologist and a great explorer in that time contributes his study to Tibetology and respectively two times traveled all over northeastern Tibet plateau for anthropology and ethnology collecting.Mainly this paper refer to his ethnological investigation on Qinhaihu（Kokonor） and Tsaidam nomadic inhabitants,such as Panakasum Tibetan and Tsaidam Mongolia,discussing some issues of increase and decrease of population around Qinhaihu.