高粱种质资源的创新和利用

Innovation and Utilization of Sorghum Germplasm Resources

高粱品种遗传改良取得的成果很大程度上取决于占有的高粱种质资源的数量,以及对其主要性状的鉴定、创新和利用。在高粱育种史上,品种改良的突破性进展,往往都是由于找到并利用了具有关键基因的种质。目前,已创造和选育出7种不同细胞质雄性不育系,其育性反应各不一样。除A1细胞质不育系组配的杂交种得到广泛应用外,A2细胞质不育系的杂交种在生产上应用,A3细胞质不育系在甜高粱杂交种上应用。籽粒优质、茎秆高糖、低氰氢酸、抗病虫、抗杂草、抗干旱等抗性种质资源也得到了创新利用。

Achievements that were made in genetic improvement of sorghum variety depend to a great extend amount of sorghum germplasm resources, and their identification, innovation and utilization to major charaters. In histmy of sorghum breeding, the great advance of sorghum variety improvement was made often due to finding and using some fine genes of germplasm. At present 7 sterile lines that had different cytoplasm were selected, and their reaction of fertility were different. The hybrids that were conbined using steriklines of A~ cytoplasm were used extensively, also the hybrids of A2 cytoplasm steriklines were utilized in sorghum production. A3 cytoplasm sterilines were used in sweet sorghum hybrids. The germplasm resources of good grain quality, sweet-stalk of high sugar, low hydrofluoric acid, resistance diseases, insects, striga and drought were innovated and utilized yet.