流域尺度海量生态环境数据建库关键技术——以塔里木河流域为例

Construction of an eco-environmental database for watershed-scale data:an example from the Tarim River Basin

流域尺度海量生态环境数据库构建是生态环境精准化研究的基础。以塔里木河流域生态环境数据库构建为例,对流域尺度海量生态环境数据建库的无缝数据拼接、建库规范设计、要素代码设计、空间索引设计、特征展示表及一键入库设计等关键技术进行了探讨。针对流域跨带裂缝问题,从缝隙源出发,通过分离物理数据层和逻辑数据层并区分矢量数据和栅格数据,在统一的多尺度空间框架体系下实现了海量数据的跨带无缝拼接;数据库规范设计和要素代码设计是数据入库前的关键工作,针对流域实际,分别采用规范化英文字母和图形数据比例尺设置数据库命名规范和建立代码标准;在ArcSDE框架下,采用格网索引设计和多级金字塔结构分别构建矢量数据和栅格数据的空间索引,提高了数据的快速检索和浏览;通过建立特征展示表并提出"一键入库"策略,提高了系统响应及数据入库效率等。通过构建流域尺度海量生态环境数据库系统,实现了流域尺度多源、多类型、跨带海量生态环境数据的有效存储和管理,为流域一体化管理和生态环境研究提供了基础数据支撑。

A watershed is not only a complete natural geographical unit,with a defined ecological and hydrological pattern,but is also an area with concentrated human activity.Because of these features,it is widely recognized as the optimal scale to analyze ecological environments.However,one of the problems that arise when analyzing data at the watershed scale is how to store and manage the necessarily large data sets,specifically through database design and implementation.In China,there has been a lack of database design and application for multi-source,multi-scale,cross-band environmental data.Theory of the integrative spatial and attribute data,the ＂3S＂（geographic information system;remote sensing and global positioning system）,a spatial data engine（SDE） and spatial data warehouse techniques were used to build a large environmental database to analyze the present situation and the future requirements of the Tarim River Basin.In this paper,several important issues are discussed including methods for seamless integration of multi-source data,database specification design,element coding design,spatial index design,characteristic display table design,and input with one key design,among others.Initially,the physical data layer and logical data layer are separated,followed by the vector data and the raster data,and data is fully integrated in a unified multi-scale space frame system for the crack problems after cross-band operation in the Tarim River Basin.Database specification design,particularly the database naming convention,is an important part of data design and storage.Based on the relevant principles,and standards,the names of six categories of data sources,metadata and index graph were standardized by English abbreviations to improve user access of the large database.Element coding design aims to provide a unified correspondence for data storage,query,and analysis.Element coding design standards can be established according to the scales of graphics data,which is the basis for information sharing.Spatial index design is a key determinant of the efficiency of database access.The use of ArcSDE to provide a spatial index of vector data and the construction of a multi-level pyramid structure for raster data can improve the efficiency of data search.The characteristic display table is based on a data dictionary and meta table,mainly for its system information display service.By constructing the characteristic display table,the corresponding code is only called by the system when it is needed,which greatly improves the efficiency of display and response.Input with one key is proposed to solve problems associated with ineffective data storage and complicated operations,and to promote the reliability of data storage.Collectively,the above steps help achieve seamless integration and unified management of multi-source,multi-type,and large scale eco-environmental data collected at the watershed scale,which can offer possible data support for dynamic monitoring of the environment.The theory and practical application of this study can be extended to other basins or other database types.