基于复合污染指数的省级环境技术效率测算

Estimate of Provincial Environmental Technology Efficiency Based on the Combined Pollution Index

在环境问题,特别是当前复合污染问题愈加突出的背景下,运用科学方法对复合污染程度进行量化测度,并在此基础上分析各个省份的环境技术效率,可以为制定相关政策、开展节能减排工作提供重要依据。该文尝试用熵值法及污染物权重系数调整构建复合污染指数,并在此基础上,利用方向性距离函数,对我国29个省区市2003-2009年间复合污染状况、区域环境技术效率进行了系统分析。研究结果表明:我国各省的环境技术效率有较大的差异,东部省份最高,中部次之,西部最为落后。绝大多数省份的环境技术效率值随时间变化呈下降趋势,但是下降的幅度不是很大,这种变化很大程度上可能源于我国"十一五"中后期经济发展模式的逆转,钢铁、水泥、电解铝、煤炭等行业发展过快,2005年重工业占工业总产值的比重高达69%,显现出过度工业化的特征。直观分析可以看出,环境技术效率的变动与环境污染程度之间存在反向关系,环境技术效率的水平对环境污染程度大小的影响较大。

In the background of environmental problems, especially combined pollution problems become increasingly serious, using the scientific method to measure the degree of combined pollution, and estimating the environmental technology efficiency of each province are important to the formulation of relevant policies and enforcement of the work on energy saving and emission reduction. The paper uses entropy method and adjustment coefficient to establish the combined pollution index, and based on that, utilizes the directional distance function. This paper does a systematic analysis on combined pollution and environmental technology efficiency of 29 provinces of China from 2003 to 2009. The results show that there are significant differences in environmental technology efficiency among provinces, with the eastern provinces being highest, followed by central provinces, western provinces lowest. The environmental technology Efficiency of a majority of provinces has a small downtrend with the time, which is probably caused by the reversal of the development pattern in the mid-term and late-term in Eleventh Five Year period. With the fast growth of steel, cement, electrolytic aluminium and coal industry, the heavy industries output value accounted for 69% of the total industrial output in 2005, which showed the feature of excessive industrialization. Obviously, there is an inverse relationship between the change of the environmental technology efficiency and the degree of the environmental pollution and the environmental technology efficiency has a great influence on the degree of the environmental pollution.