西安市药店人员抗菌药物销售的知信行调查与干预策略研究

Study of KAP Regarding the Selling of Antibiotics without a Prescription and the Interfere Strategies in Xi’an City

目的:促进抗菌药物的规范销售。方法:采用知信行(KAP,知识、态度、行为)问卷调查法,获取受访者对于抗菌药物销售和使用的知识、态度和行为。结果:共发放问卷300份,回收238份,有效回收率为79.3%。大部分受访者对抗菌药物治疗作用、感冒常识和抗菌药物用药风险均有较为正确的认识,但在遇到具体的无处方顾客时,大多仍会选择出售或变相出售抗菌药物。工作年限是药店人员不凭处方出售抗菌药物的影响因子,态度中"患者无处方要求购买时药师应该拒绝调配"、知识中"大多数感冒咳嗽是由病毒还是细菌引起的"也是药店人员不凭处方出售抗菌药物的影响因子。结论:大部分药店人员仍然不凭处方销售抗菌药物,应加强执法、宣传和培训力度,进一步规范药店抗菌药物销售行为。

OBJECTIVE： To promote the standard of the selling antibiotics. METHODS： A KAP survey was performed to reveal the pharmacy staffs’ knowledge of, attitudes to, and practices of selling antibiotics. RESULTS： A response rate of 79.3% （238/300） was achieved. Respondents’ understanding of the knowledge of antibiotic use, common cold, and risks of medication use was satisfactory, however, they chose to sell antibiotics to patients or customers without a prescription. Years working in pharmacy, the attitude of ＂should refuse to sell antibiotic to patient without a prescription＂, and the knowledge of ＂do most cold, cough and lu illnesses get better faster with antibiotics？＂ Were the factors influercing the staffs’ selling be harior. CONCLUSIONS：These results demonstrate that the sale of antibiotics without a prescription continues in Xi’an city. It’s necessary to reinforce the supervision and administration of retail pharmacies, to increase the public＇s knowledge about the use of antibiotics, so as to ensure the standardization of antibiotics sales in retail pharmacies.