福寿螺的寄主植物及其对福寿螺体重的影响

Host plants and their effects on body mass in the golden apple snail,Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck

为了明确福寿螺对寄主植物的选择性,进一步掌握其可能的危害及入侵暴发机制,对稻田水域及周边的24科43种植物进行了室外取食试验,分别在取食后3、5d对受试样品及成螺称重,比较其无选择条件下的取食偏好性及其对成螺增长率的影响。结果表明:福寿螺对受试的24科43种植物(样品)的根、茎、叶、果实以及块根(茎)均能取食,对水生(湿生)和陆生植物没有偏好性;在取食过程中,优先取食细嫩的植株和部分,硬老部分需经水浸泡软化后才能被取食;辣椒、苦瓜等果实的辣苦味对福寿螺无驱避作用;取食率与体重增长率呈显著正相关,取食越多生长越快;但体重与植物的总酚含量呈负相关。福寿螺的广食性、取食量、植物总酚含量、植物丰盛度等种群和生态系统特征是影响其快速扩散的重要原因,同时可以借助福寿螺对植物的不同利用类型防范其扩散和危害。

No-choice assay showed that the golden apple snail （GAS） （Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck） adult could feed on root, stem, leaf, fruit or root （stem） tuber of 43 species of plants belonging to 24 families. GAS had no preference between aquatic and terrestrial plants and preferred to feed on the delicate, soft organs of plants provided. The snail did not bite the hard parts unless they were softened by soaking in water for long time. The pepper, Capsicum frutescens and the bitter melon, Momordica charantia had no repellent effect on the snail, and were readily consumed, resulting in mass increase. GAS 5-day growth rate was positively correlated with consumption rate, suggesting an ＂eat more, grow more＂ rule. The growth rate was negatively related to the total phenolic content in the host plants. The relevant ecological traits, such as polyphagy, positive relationship between consumption and growth, and low abundance of high-phenolic plants in aquatic ecosystems invaded by GAS are important reasons for its rapid spread. It is possible to curtain the rapid spread and injury by spatial arrangement of different crops/plants according to the different patterns of host plant preference-GAS growth relations.