吸烟、饮酒与白内障关系的研究进展

The Progress of Research on Alcohol,Smoking and Cataracts

在世界范围内白内障是导致失明的主要原因,随着人口的增长,这个问题越来越突出。研究已证实的白内障发生的危险因素包括年龄的增长、遗传因素、吸烟、糖尿病、紫外线暴露。研究者们对饮酒与白内障关系进行了一些流行病学研究,但这些研究得出的结论并不一致。虽然乙醇和白内障发生之间的病理生理学机制还不十分清楚,但是已有的研究结果较多的支持饮酒和白内障发生之间有联系。这篇综述里的十二个流行病学调查研究结果显示吸烟是白内障发生的危险因素。吸烟对核性白内障的发生影响最大,可使发生危险显著增加。对后囊膜下白内障的影响其次,对皮质性白内障的发生影响较小。吸烟与白内障的发生存在因果关系。

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness in the world. As the worldg population ages, visual impairment due to cataract is on the increase. The stimulating challenges are to prevent or delay cataract formation. The causes of cata- ract include age, hereditary factors, smoking, diabetes and ultraviolet （UV） exposure. There are some epidemiologic studies to investigate the relationship between alcohol drinking and cataract. However, the findings on the association be- tween cataract and alcohol consumption are inconsistent. Although the path physiologic mechanisms between alcohol and cataract have not been adequately understood, there is some evidence to suggest the relation between alcohol and cataract. This review evaluates epidemiologic literature that has examined tobacco smoking as a risk factor for cataract formation using established causality criteria. Twelve studies were included in this review. Evidence suggests that smoking was significant increase on the risk for incident nuclear cataract development. There was limited evidence of an association between smok- ing and posterior sub capsular cataract, but little or no association with cortical cataract. Thus, the literature review indi- cated a strong association between smoking and the development of cataract, particularly nuclear cataract. The association fulfills the established criteria for causality.