影响热电制冷性能的关键因素及其分析

Analysis of the crucial factors affecting the performance of thermoelectric cooling

在忽略汤姆逊效应的情形下,推导出热电制冷臂的传热微分方程,利用数值模拟的方法,分析了在不同工作电流下各种热电效应的影响,及工作电流和冷、热端换热系数3种因素对热电制冷性能的综合影响。分析了3种因素对热电制冷性能的影响程度与顺序,发现电流是最关键的影响因素,且需要较低制冷温度时可提高冷端换热系数,需要较大制冷量或制冷系数时可适当提高热端换热系数,但冷、热端换热系数对制冷性能的影响存在一个最优值。提出了热电制冷器件的设计和应用的优化工况及方案,在提高制冷性能的同时节约了成本。

Ignoring the effect of Thomson, the heat transfer differential equation of the ann of thermoelectric cooling was derived. By using numerical simulation method, the thermoelectric effects under different operating current were analyzed, and the combined effects of the three factors involved operating current, the heat transfer coefficients of the cold and hot ends of the specimen on the thermoelectric cooling performance were discussed. In addition, the extent and sequence of the cooling performance for the three impact factors were analyzed. The results show that operating current is the critical factor for cooling performance, and a larger cold-end convection heat transfer coefficient could decrease the cold-end temperature, a larger hot-end convection heat transfer coefficient could increase the cooling capacity and coefficient of performance, while there exits a optimal coldor hot-end convection heat transfer coefficient. The optimization of operating condition and strategy of thermoelectric cooling device design and application were proposed, not only improve the cooling performance, but also cut the cost.