地铁行车调度系统人误影响因素识别及评定研究

Identification and Evaluation of Human Error Influential Factors in Subway Scheduling System

为寻找影响地铁行车调度系统人误的因素,提出结合SHEL模型与层次分析法(AHP)的人-机-环系统人误影响因素识别及评定技术。通过扩展SHEL模型到人-任务、人-列车、人-人机界面、人-环境、人-线路、人-人、人-客观其他7个界面,构建人误影响因素分析模型;在对上海地铁54名行车调度员问卷调查的基础上,引以因子分析法识别出19项人误影响因素;并通过搭建人误影响因素层次结构模型及运用AHP法实现对人误影响因素的评定。结果表明,影响行车调度人误的因素中权重居前5位的分别为客流问题、行车密度、问题列车数、人机界面可支持性及人机界面布局合理性。因此,在客观运营条件不能改变的情况下,可以用改善人机界面条件来减少人误的发生。

ABased on the SHEL model and AHP method, an identification and evaluation method for human error influential factors in human-machine-environment system is proposed to research the human error factors in subway scheduling system. Then a model for human error factor analysis is constructed by expanding SHEL model into seven interfaces, which are liveware-task interface, liveware-train interface, liveware-HMl （human-machine-interface） interface, liveware-environment interface, liveware-route interface, liveware-human interface and liveware-others interface. Based on a questionnaire investigation of 54 experienced OCC controllers from Shanghai, 19 factors were extracted by the factor analysis method and were weighted by the AHP method. The results show that passenger factors, train traveling density, the number of adjustment trains, supportability of HMI and layout rationally of HMI are the top 5 key factors influencing the probability of human errors. Improving HMI condition may reduce the human error probability when objective operation condition of subway cannot be changed.