稻田增氧模式对水稻籽粒灌浆的影响

Effects of Oxygen-Increasing Patterns in Paddy Fields on Rice Grain-Filling

为考查水稻产量形成和灌浆动态对不同稻田增氧模式的响应特征,于2008年和2009年,以国稻1号和秀水09为材料,长期淹水田块为对照(CK),采用过氧化尿素(T1)、过氧化钙(T2)和干湿交替灌溉(T3)的稻田增氧模式,监测并采用Richard方程模拟水稻籽粒灌浆过程。国稻1号产量依次为T3>T1>T2>CK,秀水09产量依次为T3>T2>T1>CK。2008年,国稻1号T1、T2和T3分别比CK增产11.6%、8.5%和13.6%,秀水09增产6.6%、9.2%和9.4%。2009年,国稻1号T1、T2和T3分别比CK增产16.8%、14.4%和23.0%,秀水09增产14.6%、17.2%和17.4%。不同增氧模式对水稻灌浆过程的影响表现为:1)灌浆过程均符合Richards方程(拟合度>0.989);2)强、弱势粒的最大粒重均有提高、粒重差异减少、灌浆同步性提高;3)两水稻品种的弱势粒均得到充分灌浆,其中增氧延长了国稻1号弱势粒的灌浆时间、增大了秀水09弱势粒灌浆速率。增氧模式下,弱势粒充分灌浆和结实率提高是水稻产量增加的主要原因。

The effects of oxygen-increasing patterns in paddy fields on rice yield formation and grain-filling dynamics were investigated in a two-year field experiment（2008-2009） under three oxygen-increasing patterns,including application of urea peroxide as topdressing（T1）,application of calcium peroxide as topdressing（T2） and dry-wet alternate irrigation（T3）,with continuous submerged irrigation as control（CK）.The Richards equation was used to simulate grain filling processes of two rice genotypes（Guodao 1 and Xiushui 09） under different oxygen-increasing patterns.Compared with the control（CK）,the yields of Guodao 1（indica） under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 11.6%,8.5% and 13.6% in 2008 and 16.8%,14.4% and 23.0% in 2009;Similarly,the yields of Xiushui 09（japonica）under T1,T2 and T3 were increased by 6.6%,9.2% and 9.4% in 2008,and 14.6%,17.2% and 17.4% in 2009,respectively.Rice grain-filling process fitted well with the Richards equation（R20.989）,and the main effects of oxygen-increasing patterns on rice grain-filling were as follows： 1） Maximum grain weight of inferior and superior grains were both increased with smaller difference in grain weight between the two genotypes and improved grain-filling synchronism;2） Inferior grains of the two rice genotypes had a full grain filling process.The oxygen-increasing patterns extended the grain-filling duration of inferior grains of Guodao 1,and increased the grain-filling rate of inferior grains of Xiushui 09.3） Full grain-filling of the inferior grains was mainly contributed to higher seed setting rate and yield of the genotypes under the increasing-oxygen patterns in paddy fields.