寄主植物对3种稻飞虱解毒酶和保护酶活性的影响

Effects of Host Plants on Activities of Detoxification and Protective Enzymes in Three Rice Planthoppers

就不同寄主植物[水稻品种TN1、IR42、Rathu Heenati(RHT)和武育粳3号以及稻田常见杂草稗草]对3种稻飞虱[褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)和灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus)]的存活率及解毒酶和保护酶活性的影响进行了研究。结果表明,3种稻飞虱在5种供试植物上的存活率明显不同,其中,褐飞虱在TN1上存活率最高,IR42、武育粳3号次之,在RHT和稗草上存活率极低或不能存活;白背飞虱和灰飞虱在TN1、武育粳3号和稗草上存活率较高,RHT、IR42上存活率显著降低。3种稻飞虱间,除谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和微粒体多功能氧化酶活性在若虫期无显著差异外,成虫期谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶、微粒体多功能氧化酶以及成虫和若虫期羧酸酯酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性均存在显著差异。不同寄主植物对3种飞虱酶活性的影响程度不同,其中,对灰飞虱的影响最大,对褐飞虱的影响最小,对白背飞虱的影响居中。这与3种飞虱寄主范围表现出一致性。然而,即使在寄主适合度相似的供试植物上,3种飞虱间甚至同种飞虱成虫与若虫之间的变化并不一致,寄主适合度与解毒酶及保护酶间的关系因虫种、虫态、寄主植物而异。

The effects of host plants on survival and activities of detoxification and protective enzymes of three rice planthoppers（Nilaparvata lugens,Sogatella furcifera and Laodelphax striatellus） were investigated with five host plants including four rice varieties [TN1,IR42,Rathu Heenati（RHT） and Wuyujing 3] and one weed barnyardgrass.The survival rate of the three planthoppers significantly varied with host plants.N.lugens had the highest survival rate on TN1,followed by on IR42 and Wuyujing 3,and on RHT and barnyardgrass.However,S.furcifera and L.striatellus had significantly higher survival rate on TN1 as well as on Wuyujing 3 and barnyardgrass,and substantially lower survival rate on RHT and IR42.Among the three planthoppers,the activities of glutathione S-transferase and microsomal mixed-function oxidases at the adult stage,and the activities of carboxylesterase,superoxide dismutase and peroxidase at both adult and nymph stages,significantly differed on various host plants,whereas the activities of glutathione S-transferase and microsomal mixed-function oxidases were similar at the nymph stage.The influence of host plants on the activities of these enzymes were also planthopper-related,with L.striatellus most affected,N.lugens the least affected,and S.furcifera moderately affected,which was in accordance with the host range of these planthoppers.However,it was also found that,even if the planthoppers fed on plants with similar host fitness,the enzyme activities varied among planthopper species,or even between the adult and nymph stages within a planthopper species.It is suggested that relations between the host plant fitness and the activities of detoxification and protective enzymes differed with species and developmental stage of planthoppers,and also with the type of host plants.