人格测量:从累积式模型到展开式模型

Personality Assessment:From Dominance Model to Unfolding Model

当前大多数人格测量都采用的是累积式反应模型方法,该模型假设被试在测验上的得分随其能力或特质提高而增加,但是随着人格测量技术的不断发展,这一模型的实施效果遭到了质疑,研究者们开始关注展开式模型,该模型认为被试的反应取决于被试能力和项目阈值的匹配程度,当被试能力与项目阈值完全匹配时,被试做出肯定回答的概率达到最高点,称之为"理想点",展开式模型的目的就是找到被试的理想点,从而寻找其真正的态度强度或人格特质水平。GGUM作为一种比较成熟的展开式模型,已经开始应用于人格测量的各个领域,但仍需要进行大规模的试测,在评估和预测效度方面积累经验,建立业界认可的心理测量学标准,不断探讨和开发相应的心理测量理论和简便易行的统计程序。

The majority of personality scales in use today were developed using dominance model, which assume that respondents with higher trait levels exhibit higher item scores than do those with low trait levels and that the probability of observing a high item score increases monotonically as the distance between person and item locations increases, shows that the probability of a positive response increases as a person lies increasingly distant and above the item＇ s location. But as personality assessment technology developed, the reliance on dominance assumptions and associated scale construction procedures has been queried. Researchers begin to pay attention to the unfolding model,which assume people respond positively to items that have locations similar to their own. In probabilistic terms, as the distance between a respondent＇ s location on the trait continuum（ called his or her ideal point）and the item＇ s location increases, the probability of endorsing the item decreases. As a more mature model, GGUM has been used in many personality assessment fields, but still need to undertake large - scale test to accumulate experience of evaluation and forecast validity, establish an acknowledged psychometric norm, and continue to explore corresponding theory and simple statistical procedure.