甘肃省乙肝疫苗接种与乙肝病毒感染相关性分析

Effect of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B infection rate in Gansu province

目的分析评价乙肝疫苗免疫对甘肃省居民乙肝病毒(HBV)感染变化的影响。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,抽取5个县区1～59岁人群共2 200人,进行基本情况调查,采集血清标本,采用ELISA方法检测乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)、乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)等水平。结果乙肝疫苗接种率由1992年前出生人群的19.37%提高到2002-2006年出生人群的89.37%,HBV感染率由43.06%降为6.56%,HBsAg携带率由4.77%下降到1.13%;有乙肝疫苗免疫史人群HBV感染率和HBsAg阳性率均低于无乙肝疫苗免疫史人群,抗-HBs阳性率明显高于无乙肝疫苗免疫史人群;乙肝疫苗保护率为79.45%。结论随出生年代后移,无论城市和农村人群,乙肝疫苗接种率均不断提高,HBV感染率、HBsAg和抗-HBc阳性率逐渐降低,抗-HBs阳性率上升,呈现高接种率低感染率趋势。

Objective To analyze and evaluate the effect of hepatitis B vaccination on hepatitis B infection among the residents in Gansu province. Methods With multi-stage cluster sampling,2 200 people aged 1 to 59 years were selected from 5 counties for a questionnaire survey and their blood samples were collected.Serum hepatitis B（HB） virus antigen（HBsAg） and antiboly（anti-HBs,anti-HBc） were detected with enzymen-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. ResultsHepatitis B vaccination coverage increased from 19.37% in the people born before 1992 to 89.37% in the people born between 2002 and 2006,while HB virus（HBV） infection rate decreased from 43.06% to 6.56% and HBsAg positive rate decreased from 4.77% to 1.13%.HBV infection rate and anti-HBs positive rate in the people with hepatitis B vaccination history were significantly lower than those of the people without hepatitis B vaccination history,while the anti-HBs positive rate was higher. Conclusion The rate of hepatitis B vaccination increased and the infection rate of HB virus and positive rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc decreased progressively among urban and rural residents of Gansu province.