论“焦—虑”现象的本质及“焦虑时代”的焦虑管理

On the Essence of the Phenomenon of "Anxiety" and the Anxiety Management in the "Age of Anxiety"

从词源学上讲,在"焦虑"中,"焦"其实就是已现端倪的、感受性的"虑"的加重、加剧和"恶化",它既有外在的症候,又有内在的不安。从现象上看,焦虑乃是自我对自己有可能身不由己或无能为力地陷入某种自我所不愿意身处其中的存在处境所作出的情感性抵制或抵抗,它在造成自我紧张的同时又是自我辅助性的精神动力。不过,焦虑既有适度性和过度性、个体性和社会性之分,也有必要性和不必要性之分。在焦虑时代,如何让人们的社会性焦虑保持在适度性、必要性的范围内,防止其过度,同时又尽量减少或消除导致不必要的社会性焦虑产生的各种因素,就成为促进社会进步与和谐的出发点之一。因为社会的进步与否,总体上还是要靠其效果即人心对社会的感受来衡量。

In the etymological sense,in the word 'anxiety'(Jiao—Lu),'Jiao' is the aggravation,intensification and 'worsening' of the original and sensitive 'Lii',which has external symptoms as well as internal uneasiness. In the phenomenological sense,anxiety is a kind of emotional resistance to the existent situation into which one is unwilling but has to fall,it not only causes self - tension but also is a spiritual power of supporting oneself.However,anxiety not only can be divided into the moderate and the excessive,the individual and the social,but also the necessary and the unnecessary.In times of anxiety,it is one of starting points of promoting social progress and harmony to keep the social anxiety within its moderate and necessary range,to prevent its excess,meanwhile,to reduce or eliminate a variety of social factors which would cause unnecessary social anxiety.The reason lies in that:the measure of social progress in general relies on the human true feelings.