财产权批判与《资本论》的主题

Critique of Property and the Theme of the Capital

财产权是现代政治哲学的核心主题。马克思历史唯物主义的一个核心政治观点认为,资产阶级财产权关系不是自然的永恒的,而是历史的暂时的,因而是必然灭亡的。这一观点肇始于马克思与蒲鲁东的争论,马克思认为,蒲鲁东对资产阶级财产权的批判未能达到一种历史性的理解,结果沦为对资本主义的辩护。马克思对资产阶级财产权的历史性研究在《1857～1858年经济学手稿》中充分展开,尽管在后来的《资本论》中,这些历史研究内容因为科学体系的需要而大大压缩,但财富和财产权问题仍然是《资本论》的理论内核,并构成马克思全部政治经济学批判的根本问题。

The concept of property is vital in the modern political philosophy.There is a key political viewpoint in Marxist historical materialism that the property relationship in capitalist society is not naturally eternal,but historically changeable.This idea is originated in the dispute between Marx and Proudhon.In Marx ' s idea, Proudhon' s criticism on the bourgeois property did not achieve in a historical understanding,which had to meet its doom as the defense of capitalism.Marx presented his idea on the bourgeois property fully in the Grundrisse.Although the related content is shortened because of the description of scientific system in the Capital ,the concepts of wealth and property still play important role in the latter work and become the fundamental problem in Marx' s critique of political economy.