试论20世纪50年代中期中泰关系中西双版纳傣族自治区问题的缘起

On the Origin of the Xishuang Banna Dai Autonomous Region Problem between China and Thailand in the 1950s

1953年中国云南省西双版纳傣族自治区的成立曾被泰国强指为中国蓄意对泰国进行侵略的证据,由此引发了20世纪50年代中期中泰关系中的西双版纳傣族自治区问题。实际上,这一问题只不过是美国、泰国统治集团和台湾当局出于各自的政治利益和政治需求共同制造的一个谣言。这一问题的产生,受到了体系与单元层面因素的双重影响,它既受制于两极国际体系,与20世纪50年代东亚冷战的国际格局基本吻合,也与中泰两国的国内政治等单元层面的因素息息相关,可以说是冷战国际政治和中泰两国国内政治相互结合的产物。傣—泰民族跨越国界的分布状况是这一问题产生的客观基础,而体系与单元层面上的各种政治利益和政治需求则是这一问题产生的深层动因。

The fact that Xishuang Banna Dai Autonomous Region came into being in 1953 was used by Thai government as the evidence of Chinese invasion. In fact, however, it was simply a rumor jointly created by the U. S. government, Thai ruling group and Taiwan Residents authority, based on their own political interests. The problem emerged as a consequence of the dual effect of ＂system＂ and ＂unit＂. It stemmed from the polarization of the international system in the 1950s and coincided with the geo-political pattern in East Asia, which was a result of the ＂the Cold War＂. Moreover, the domestic politics in both Thailand and China also played an important role in this issue. In other words, both of the domestic and international politics during the Cold War had substantial impact on the origination of the problem. On the one hand, the cross-border distribution of the Dai-Tai ethnic group forms the basis of the problem; on the other hand, the driving force of the issue was the political conflicts on both the system and unit levels.