清宫萨满祭祀的仪式与神话研究

Qing Shaman Rituals and Myths of Sacrifice

本文通过对清宫萨满祭祀仪式与满族"天宫大战"神话的关联分析,论述了"满洲中心观"的神话学依据,并进一步考察乾隆年间清王朝自身对清宫萨满祭祀与中国上古以来的仪式体系之关系的解释,以说明使得"满洲中心观"得以成立的宫廷化进程,同时也将自身纳入到了华夏文明的历史与结构当中。

This paper discusses the idea of ＂ Manchu-centeredness＂ on the basis of its mythological background. By analyzing the sacrificial rituals of shaman which were held in the Forbidden City in the Qianlong period, this paper explores the relevance of these rituals to the Manchu＇s myth of ＂Wars in Heaven. ＂ Furthermore, this paper examines how the Qing rulers established the ideology of ＂Manchu-centeredness＂ by interpreting the relation between the shamanistic sacrificial rituals and the Chinese traditional ritual system. The aulic tendency in this process enabled the Qing rulers to involve themselves into the history and structure of Chinese civilization.