雍正开豁世仆令与清代地方社会——以“宁国世仆”为中心

Yongzheng's Order of Emancipating Shipu and the Local Society of Qing Dynasty:Centering on "Ning Guo Shipu"

本文利用新发掘的宁国府乡土文献,勾勒出"宁国世仆"这一贱民群体的历史脉络及其生活实态,分析了自雍正开豁世仆令颁布以来宁国世仆的出户历程,指出:世仆制度的长期存在,具有一定的历史合理性。小姓对大姓的经济依赖,使其在社会地位上需要让渡部分权利,从而导致了双方形成不平等的尊卑等级。宗族和商业两大因素的存在,是促成世仆制度长期存在的基础。

This article avails of the new excavated Ningguo local literature to outline the ＂Ning Guo Shipu＂, a pariah group in history, and its actual state of life, analysis the independing process of ＂Ning Guo Shipu＂ since the promulgation of Yongzheng＇s Emancipating Shipu Order. According to the author, the continuing of Shipu system has a certain historical legitimacy. Small households＂ economic dependence on the Great households needs to alienate part of the right in respects of their position in society, leading to the formation of unequal hierarchy between the two sides. The existence of two factors, clan and business, is basis to facilitate the long-term existence of this system.